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  1. A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
  2. ==========================
  3. Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
  4. Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
  5. as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
  6. principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
  7. In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
  8. National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
  9. in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
  10. software.
  11. In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
  12. BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
  13. year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became
  14. Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
  15. https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization
  16. created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.
  17. Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.
  18. All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for
  19. the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
  20. releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
  21. the various releases.
  22. Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
  23. from compatible? (1)
  24. 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
  25. 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
  26. 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
  27. 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
  28. 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
  29. 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
  30. 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
  31. 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
  32. 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
  33. 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
  34. 2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes
  35. Footnotes:
  36. (1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
  37. the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
  38. a modified version without making your changes open source. The
  39. GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
  40. other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
  41. (2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
  42. because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
  43. CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
  44. is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
  45. Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
  46. direction to make these releases possible.
  47. B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
  48. ===============================================================
  49. Python software and documentation are licensed under the
  50. Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
  51. Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in
  52. the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2
  53. and the Zero-Clause BSD license.
  54. Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.
  55. The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.
  56. PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
  57. --------------------------------------------
  58. 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
  59. ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
  60. otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
  61. its associated documentation.
  62. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
  63. grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
  64. analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
  65. distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
  66. provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
  67. i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
  68. 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Python Software Foundation;
  69. All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version
  70. prepared by Licensee.
  71. 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
  72. or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
  73. the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
  74. Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
  75. the changes made to Python.
  76. 4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
  77. basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
  78. IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
  79. DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
  80. FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT
  81. INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
  82. 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
  83. FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
  84. A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
  85. OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
  86. 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
  87. breach of its terms and conditions.
  88. 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
  89. relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
  90. Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
  91. trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
  92. products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
  93. 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
  94. agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
  95. Agreement.
  96. BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
  97. -------------------------------------------
  98. BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1
  99. 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
  100. office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
  101. Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using
  102. this software in source or binary form and its associated
  103. documentation ("the Software").
  104. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
  105. Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,
  106. royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
  107. and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
  108. otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
  109. provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
  110. Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
  111. 3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
  112. basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
  113. IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND
  114. DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
  115. FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT
  116. INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
  117. 4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
  118. SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
  119. AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
  120. DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
  121. 5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
  122. breach of its terms and conditions.
  123. 6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
  124. respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of
  125. law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to
  126. create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture
  127. between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant
  128. permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark
  129. sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
  130. third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
  131. http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the
  132. permissions granted on that web page.
  133. 7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
  134. agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
  135. Agreement.
  136. CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
  137. ---------------------------------------
  138. 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
  139. Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
  140. Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
  141. ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
  142. source or binary form and its associated documentation.
  143. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
  144. hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
  145. license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
  146. prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
  147. alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
  148. License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
  149. 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights
  150. Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
  151. version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License
  152. Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
  153. quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
  154. conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with
  155. Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following
  156. unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This
  157. Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internet
  158. using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".
  159. 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
  160. or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
  161. the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
  162. Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
  163. the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
  164. 4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
  165. basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
  166. IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND
  167. DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
  168. FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT
  169. INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
  170. 5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
  171. 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
  172. A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
  173. OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
  174. 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
  175. breach of its terms and conditions.
  176. 7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
  177. intellectual property law of the United States, including without
  178. limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such
  179. U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
  180. Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
  181. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
  182. on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was
  183. previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the
  184. law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License
  185. Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to
  186. Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this
  187. License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
  188. agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This
  189. License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or
  190. trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or
  191. services of Licensee, or any third party.
  192. 8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
  193. installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be
  194. bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
  195. ACCEPT
  196. CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
  197. --------------------------------------------------
  198. Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,
  199. The Netherlands. All rights reserved.
  200. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
  201. documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
  202. provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
  203. both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  204. supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch
  205. Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
  206. distribution of the software without specific, written prior
  207. permission.
  208. STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
  209. THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
  210. FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
  211. FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  212. WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  213. ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
  214. OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  215. ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION
  216. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  217. Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
  218. purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
  219. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
  220. REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
  221. AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
  222. INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
  223. LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
  224. OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
  225. PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.