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- .. raw:: html
- <p align="center">
- <a href="https://www.attrs.org/">
- <img src="./docs/_static/attrs_logo.svg" width="35%" alt="attrs" />
- </a>
- </p>
- <p align="center">
- <a href="https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/?badge=stable">
- <img src="https://readthedocs.org/projects/attrs/badge/?version=stable" alt="Documentation Status" />
- </a>
- <a href="https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/actions?workflow=CI">
- <img src="https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=main" alt="CI Status" />
- </a>
- <a href="https://codecov.io/github/python-attrs/attrs">
- <img src="https://codecov.io/github/python-attrs/attrs/branch/main/graph/badge.svg" alt="Test Coverage" />
- </a>
- <a href="https://github.com/psf/black">
- <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg" alt="Code style: black" />
- </a>
- </p>
- .. teaser-begin
- ``attrs`` is the Python package that will bring back the **joy** of **writing classes** by relieving you from the drudgery of implementing object protocols (aka `dunder <https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/200605/dunder.html>`_ methods).
- `Trusted by NASA <https://docs.github.com/en/github/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/personalizing-your-profile#list-of-qualifying-repositories-for-mars-2020-helicopter-contributor-badge>`_ for Mars missions since 2020!
- Its main goal is to help you to write **concise** and **correct** software without slowing down your code.
- .. teaser-end
- For that, it gives you a class decorator and a way to declaratively define the attributes on that class:
- .. -code-begin-
- .. code-block:: pycon
- >>> import attr
- >>> @attr.s
- ... class SomeClass(object):
- ... a_number = attr.ib(default=42)
- ... list_of_numbers = attr.ib(factory=list)
- ...
- ... def hard_math(self, another_number):
- ... return self.a_number + sum(self.list_of_numbers) * another_number
- >>> sc = SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3])
- >>> sc
- SomeClass(a_number=1, list_of_numbers=[1, 2, 3])
- >>> sc.hard_math(3)
- 19
- >>> sc == SomeClass(1, [1, 2, 3])
- True
- >>> sc != SomeClass(2, [3, 2, 1])
- True
- >>> attr.asdict(sc)
- {'a_number': 1, 'list_of_numbers': [1, 2, 3]}
- >>> SomeClass()
- SomeClass(a_number=42, list_of_numbers=[])
- >>> C = attr.make_class("C", ["a", "b"])
- >>> C("foo", "bar")
- C(a='foo', b='bar')
- After *declaring* your attributes ``attrs`` gives you:
- - a concise and explicit overview of the class's attributes,
- - a nice human-readable ``__repr__``,
- - a complete set of comparison methods (equality and ordering),
- - an initializer,
- - and much more,
- *without* writing dull boilerplate code again and again and *without* runtime performance penalties.
- On Python 3.6 and later, you can often even drop the calls to ``attr.ib()`` by using `type annotations <https://www.attrs.org/en/latest/types.html>`_.
- This gives you the power to use actual classes with actual types in your code instead of confusing ``tuple``\ s or `confusingly behaving <https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/why.html#namedtuples>`_ ``namedtuple``\ s.
- Which in turn encourages you to write *small classes* that do `one thing well <https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/talks/boundaries>`_.
- Never again violate the `single responsibility principle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle>`_ just because implementing ``__init__`` et al is a painful drag.
- .. -getting-help-
- Getting Help
- ============
- Please use the ``python-attrs`` tag on `StackOverflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python-attrs>`_ to get help.
- Answering questions of your fellow developers is also a great way to help the project!
- .. -project-information-
- Project Information
- ===================
- ``attrs`` is released under the `MIT <https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/>`_ license,
- its documentation lives at `Read the Docs <https://www.attrs.org/>`_,
- the code on `GitHub <https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs>`_,
- and the latest release on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/attrs/>`_.
- It’s rigorously tested on Python 2.7, 3.5+, and PyPy.
- We collect information on **third-party extensions** in our `wiki <https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs/wiki/Extensions-to-attrs>`_.
- Feel free to browse and add your own!
- If you'd like to contribute to ``attrs`` you're most welcome and we've written `a little guide <https://www.attrs.org/en/latest/contributing.html>`_ to get you started!
- ``attrs`` for Enterprise
- ------------------------
- Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription.
- The maintainers of ``attrs`` and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source packages you use to build your applications.
- Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact packages you use.
- `Learn more. <https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-attrs?utm_source=pypi-attrs&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=enterprise&utm_term=repo>`_
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