bitstream.h 18 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457
  1. /* ******************************************************************
  2. * bitstream
  3. * Part of FSE library
  4. * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
  5. *
  6. * You can contact the author at :
  7. * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
  8. *
  9. * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
  10. * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
  11. * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
  12. * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
  13. ****************************************************************** */
  14. #ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  15. #define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  16. #if defined (__cplusplus)
  17. extern "C" {
  18. #endif
  19. /*
  20. * This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
  21. * Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
  22. * these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
  23. */
  24. /*-****************************************
  25. * Dependencies
  26. ******************************************/
  27. #include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
  28. #include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
  29. #include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
  30. #include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
  31. #include "bits.h" /* ZSTD_highbit32 */
  32. /*=========================================
  33. * Target specific
  34. =========================================*/
  35. #ifndef ZSTD_NO_INTRINSICS
  36. # if (defined(__BMI__) || defined(__BMI2__)) && defined(__GNUC__)
  37. # include <immintrin.h> /* support for bextr (experimental)/bzhi */
  38. # elif defined(__ICCARM__)
  39. # include <intrinsics.h>
  40. # endif
  41. #endif
  42. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
  43. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
  44. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
  45. /*-******************************************
  46. * bitStream encoding API (write forward)
  47. ********************************************/
  48. /* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
  49. * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
  50. * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
  51. */
  52. typedef struct {
  53. size_t bitContainer;
  54. unsigned bitPos;
  55. char* startPtr;
  56. char* ptr;
  57. char* endPtr;
  58. } BIT_CStream_t;
  59. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
  60. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  61. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  62. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  63. /* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
  64. * bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
  65. * `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
  66. *
  67. * bits are first added to a local register.
  68. * Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
  69. * Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
  70. * Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
  71. * After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
  72. *
  73. * Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
  74. *
  75. * Last operation is to close the bitStream.
  76. * The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
  77. * If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
  78. */
  79. /*-********************************************
  80. * bitStream decoding API (read backward)
  81. **********************************************/
  82. typedef size_t BitContainerType;
  83. typedef struct {
  84. BitContainerType bitContainer;
  85. unsigned bitsConsumed;
  86. const char* ptr;
  87. const char* start;
  88. const char* limitPtr;
  89. } BIT_DStream_t;
  90. typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0, /* fully refilled */
  91. BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1, /* still some bits left in bitstream */
  92. BIT_DStream_completed = 2, /* bitstream entirely consumed, bit-exact */
  93. BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 /* user requested more bits than present in bitstream */
  94. } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
  95. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
  96. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  97. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  98. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  99. /* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
  100. * A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
  101. * Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (BitContainerType).
  102. * You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
  103. * Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
  104. * A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
  105. * Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
  106. * Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
  107. */
  108. /*-****************************************
  109. * unsafe API
  110. ******************************************/
  111. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  112. /* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  113. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  114. /* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  115. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  116. /* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
  117. /*===== Local Constants =====*/
  118. static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
  119. 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
  120. 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
  121. 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
  122. 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
  123. 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
  124. 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
  125. #define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
  126. /*-**************************************************************
  127. * bitStream encoding
  128. ****************************************************************/
  129. /*! BIT_initCStream() :
  130. * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
  131. * @return : 0 if success,
  132. * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
  133. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  134. void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
  135. {
  136. bitC->bitContainer = 0;
  137. bitC->bitPos = 0;
  138. bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
  139. bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
  140. bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
  141. if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
  142. return 0;
  143. }
  144. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
  145. {
  146. #if defined(STATIC_BMI2) && STATIC_BMI2 == 1 && !defined(ZSTD_NO_INTRINSICS)
  147. return _bzhi_u64(bitContainer, nbBits);
  148. #else
  149. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  150. return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  151. #endif
  152. }
  153. /*! BIT_addBits() :
  154. * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
  155. * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
  156. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  157. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  158. {
  159. DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
  160. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  161. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  162. bitC->bitContainer |= BIT_getLowerBits(value, nbBits) << bitC->bitPos;
  163. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  164. }
  165. /*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
  166. * works only if `value` is _clean_,
  167. * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  168. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  169. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  170. {
  171. assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
  172. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  173. bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
  174. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  175. }
  176. /*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
  177. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  178. * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  179. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  180. {
  181. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  182. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  183. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  184. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  185. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  186. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  187. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  188. }
  189. /*! BIT_flushBits() :
  190. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  191. * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
  192. * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
  193. * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
  194. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  195. {
  196. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  197. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  198. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  199. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  200. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  201. if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
  202. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  203. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  204. }
  205. /*! BIT_closeCStream() :
  206. * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
  207. * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
  208. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  209. {
  210. BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
  211. BIT_flushBits(bitC);
  212. if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
  213. return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
  214. }
  215. /*-********************************************************
  216. * bitStream decoding
  217. **********************************************************/
  218. /*! BIT_initDStream() :
  219. * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
  220. * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
  221. * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
  222. * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
  223. */
  224. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
  225. {
  226. if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
  227. bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
  228. bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  229. if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
  230. bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  231. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  232. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  233. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - ZSTD_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
  234. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
  235. } else {
  236. bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
  237. bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
  238. switch(srcSize)
  239. {
  240. case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
  241. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  242. case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
  243. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  244. case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
  245. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  246. case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
  247. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  248. case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
  249. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  250. case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (BitContainerType)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
  251. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  252. default: break;
  253. }
  254. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  255. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - ZSTD_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
  256. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
  257. }
  258. bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
  259. }
  260. return srcSize;
  261. }
  262. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t BIT_getUpperBits(BitContainerType bitContainer, U32 const start)
  263. {
  264. return bitContainer >> start;
  265. }
  266. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(BitContainerType bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
  267. {
  268. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  269. /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
  270. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  271. /* x86 transform & ((1 << nbBits) - 1) to bzhi instruction, it is better
  272. * than accessing memory. When bmi2 instruction is not present, we consider
  273. * such cpus old (pre-Haswell, 2013) and their performance is not of that
  274. * importance.
  275. */
  276. #if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X86)
  277. return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & ((((U64)1) << nbBits) - 1);
  278. #else
  279. return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  280. #endif
  281. }
  282. /*! BIT_lookBits() :
  283. * Provides next n bits from local register.
  284. * local register is not modified.
  285. * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
  286. * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
  287. * @return : value extracted */
  288. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  289. {
  290. /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
  291. #if 1
  292. /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
  293. * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
  294. return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
  295. #else
  296. /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
  297. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  298. return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
  299. #endif
  300. }
  301. /*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
  302. * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
  303. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  304. {
  305. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  306. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  307. return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
  308. }
  309. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  310. {
  311. bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
  312. }
  313. /*! BIT_readBits() :
  314. * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
  315. * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
  316. * @return : extracted value. */
  317. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  318. {
  319. size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
  320. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  321. return value;
  322. }
  323. /*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
  324. * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
  325. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  326. {
  327. size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
  328. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  329. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  330. return value;
  331. }
  332. /*! BIT_reloadDStream_internal() :
  333. * Simple variant of BIT_reloadDStream(), with two conditions:
  334. * 1. bitstream is valid : bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8
  335. * 2. look window is valid after shifted down : bitD->ptr >= bitD->start
  336. */
  337. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream_internal(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  338. {
  339. assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
  340. bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  341. assert(bitD->ptr >= bitD->start);
  342. bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
  343. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  344. return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  345. }
  346. /*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
  347. * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
  348. * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
  349. * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
  350. * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
  351. */
  352. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  353. {
  354. if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
  355. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  356. return BIT_reloadDStream_internal(bitD);
  357. }
  358. /*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
  359. * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
  360. * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not never beyond src buffer.
  361. * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
  362. * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
  363. FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  364. {
  365. /* note : once in overflow mode, a bitstream remains in this mode until it's reset */
  366. if (UNLIKELY(bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8))) {
  367. static const BitContainerType zeroFilled = 0;
  368. bitD->ptr = (const char*)&zeroFilled; /* aliasing is allowed for char */
  369. /* overflow detected, erroneous scenario or end of stream: no update */
  370. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  371. }
  372. assert(bitD->ptr >= bitD->start);
  373. if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
  374. return BIT_reloadDStream_internal(bitD);
  375. }
  376. if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
  377. /* reached end of bitStream => no update */
  378. if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  379. return BIT_DStream_completed;
  380. }
  381. /* start < ptr < limitPtr => cautious update */
  382. { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  383. BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  384. if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
  385. nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
  386. result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  387. }
  388. bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
  389. bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
  390. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
  391. return result;
  392. }
  393. }
  394. /*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
  395. * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
  396. */
  397. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
  398. {
  399. return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
  400. }
  401. #if defined (__cplusplus)
  402. }
  403. #endif
  404. #endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */