t1ha ===== Fast Positive Hash, aka "Позитивный Хэш" by [Positive Technologies](https://www.ptsecurity.com). Included in the [Awesome C](https://github.com/kozross/awesome-c) list of open source C software. *The Future will (be) [Positive](https://www.ptsecurity.com). Всё будет хорошо.* [](https://opensource.org/licenses/Zlib) [](https://travis-ci.org/erthink/t1ha) [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/leo-yuriev/t1ha/branch/master) [](https://circleci.com/gh/erthink/t1ha/tree/master) [](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/leo-yuriev-t1ha) ## Briefly, it is a portable non-cryptographic 64-bit hash function: 1. Intended for 64-bit little-endian platforms, predominantly for Elbrus and x86_64, but portable and without penalties it can run on any 64-bit CPU. 2. In most cases up to 15% faster than [xxHash](https://cyan4973.github.io/xxHash/), [StadtX](https://github.com/demerphq/BeagleHash/blob/master/stadtx_hash.h), [MUM](https://github.com/vnmakarov/mum-hash) and others portable hash-functions (which do not use specific hardware tricks). Currently [wyhash](https://github.com/wangyi-fudan/wyhash) outperforms _t1ha_ on `x86_64`. However **next version `t1ha3_atonce()` will be even faster** on all platforms, especially on [E2K](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbrus_2000), architectures with [SIMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMD) and most [RISC-V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC-V) implementations. In addition, it should be noted that _wyhash_ have a "blinding multiplication" flaw and can lose entropy (similarly as described below). For instance, when data could be correlated with the `seed ^ _wypN` values or equal to it. Another case is where one of `_wymum()` multipliers becomes zero. In result of such blinding all previous data will not be influence to the hash value. 3. Licensed under [zlib License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlib_License). Also pay attention to [Rust](https://github.com/flier/rust-t1ha), [Erlang](https://github.com/lemenkov/erlang-t1ha) and [Golang](https://github.com/dgryski/go-t1ha) implementations. ### FAQ: Why _t1ha_ don't follow [NH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMAC)-approach like [FARSH](https://github.com/Bulat-Ziganshin/FARSH), [XXH3](https://fastcompression.blogspot.com/2019/03/presenting-xxh3.html), HighwayHash and so on? Okay, just for clarity, we should distinguish functions families: **_MMH_** (_Multilinear-Modular-Hashing_), [**_NMH_**](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BFb0052345.pdf) (_Non-linear Modular-Hashing_) and the next simplification step UMAC's [**_NH_**](https://web.archive.org/web/20120310090322/http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/umac-full.pdf). Now take a look to NH hash-function family definition:  It is very SIMD-friendly, since SSE2's `_mm_add_epi32()` and `_mm_mul_epu32()` is enough for . On the other hand, the result of the inner multiplication becomes zero when **_(m[2i] + k[2i]) mod 2^32 == 0_** or **_(m[2i+1] + k[2i+1]) mod 2^32 == 0_**, in which case the opposite multiplier will not affect the result of hashing, i.e. NH function just ignores part of the input data. I called this an "blinding multiplication". That's all. More useful related information can be googled by "[UMAC NH key recovery attack](https://www.google.com/search?q=umac+nh+key+recovery+attack)". The right NMH/NH code without entropy loss should be looking like this: ``` uint64_t proper_NH_block(const uint32_t *M /* message data */, const uint64_t *K /* 64-bit primes */, size_t N_even, uint64_t optional_weak_seed) { uint64_t H = optional_weak_seed; for (size_t i = 0; i < N_even / 2; ++i) H += (uint64_t(M[i*2]) + K[i*2]) * (uint64_t(M[i*2+1]) + K[i*2+1]); return H; } ``` ******************************************************************************** # Usage The `t1ha` library provides several terraced hash functions with the dissimilar properties and for a different cases. These functions briefly described below, see [t1ha.h](t1ha.h) for more API details. To use in your own project you may link with the t1ha-library, or just add to your project corresponding source files from `/src` directory. Please, feel free to fill an issue or make pull request. `t1ha0` = 64 bits, "Just Only Faster" ------------------------------------- Provides fast-as-possible hashing for current CPU, including 32-bit systems and engaging the available hardware acceleration. You can rest assured that t1ha0 faster than all other fast hashes (with comparable quality) so, otherwise we will extend and refine it time-to-time. On the other hand, without warranty that the hash result will be same for particular key on another machine or another version. Moreover, is deliberately known that the result will be different for systems with different bitness or endianness. Briefly, such hash-results and their derivatives, should be used only in runtime, but should not be persist or transferred over a network. Also should be noted, the quality of t1ha0() hashing is a subject for tradeoffs with performance. Therefore the quality and strength of `t1ha0()` may be lower than `t1ha1()` and `t1ha2()`, especially on 32-bit targets, but then much faster. However, guaranteed that it passes all SMHasher tests. Internally `t1ha0()` selects most faster implementation for current CPU, for now these are includes: | Implementation | Platform/CPU | | :---------------------- | :------------------------------------- | | `t1ha0_ia32aes_avx()` | x86 with AES-NI and AVX extensions | | `t1ha0_ia32aes_avx2()` | x86 with AES-NI and AVX2 extensions | | `t1ha0_ia32aes_noavx()` | x86 with AES-NI without AVX extensions | | `t1ha0_32le()` | 32-bit little-endian | | `t1h0a_32be()` | 32-bit big-endian | | `t1ha1_le()` | 64-bit little-endian | | `t1ha1_be()` | 64-bit big-endian | | `t1ha2_atonce()` | 64-bit little-endian | `t1ha1` = 64 bits, baseline fast portable hash ------------------------------------- The first version of "Fast Positive Hash" with reasonable quality for checksum, hash tables and thin fingerprinting. It is stable, e.g. returns same result on all architectures and CPUs. 1. Speed with the reasonable quality of hashing. 2. Efficiency on modern 64-bit CPUs, but not in a hardware. 3. Strong as possible, until no penalties on performance. Unfortunatelly, [Yves Orton](https://github.com/demerphq/smhasher) discovered that `t1ha1()` family fails the strict avalanche criteria in some cases. This flaw is insignificant for the `t1ha1()` purposes and imperceptible from a practical point of view. However, nowadays this issue has resolved in the next `t1ha2()` function, that was initially planned to providing a bit more quality. The basic version of `t1ha1()` intends for little-endian systems and will run slowly on big-endian. Therefore a dedicated big-endian version is also provided, but returns the different result than the basic version. `t1ha2` = 64 and 128 bits, slightly more attention for quality and strength ----------------------------------------------------------------- The recommended version of "Fast Positive Hash" with good quality for checksum, hash tables and fingerprinting. It is stable, e.g. returns same result on all architectures and CPUs. 1. Portable and extremely efficiency on modern 64-bit CPUs. 2. Great quality of hashing and still faster than other non-t1ha hashes. 3. Provides streaming mode and 128-bit result. The `t1ha2()` is intended for little-endian systems and will run slightly slowly on big-endian systems. `t1ha3` = 128 and 256 bits, fast non-cryptographic fingerprinting --------------------------------------------------------- The next-step version of "Fast Positive Hash", but not yet finished and therefore not available. #### Planned: `t1ha4` = 128 and 256 bits, fast insecure fingerprinting #### Planned: `t1ha5` = 256 bits, fast Cryptographic, but with some limitations #### Planned: `t1ha6` = 256 and 512 bits, Cryptographic with reasonable resistance to acceleration on GPU and FPGA. #### Planned: `t1ha7` = 256, 512 and 1024 bits, Cryptographic, Strong Post-Quantum ******************************************************************************** ### Requirements and Portability: 1. _t1ha_ designed for **modern 64-bit architectures**. But on the other hand, _t1ha_ doesn't require instructions specific to a particular architecture: - therefore t1ha could be used on any CPU for which compiler provides support 64-bit arithmetic. - but unfortunately _t1ha_ could be dramatically slowly on architectures without native 64-bit operations. 2. This implementation of _t1ha_ requires **modern GNU C compatible compiler**, including Clang/LLVM, or **Visual Studio 2013/2015/2017**. For proper performance please use one of: GNU C 5.5 or later, CLANG 5.0 or later, Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 15.6 or later. #### Acknowledgement: The _t1ha_ was originally developed by Leonid Yuriev (Леонид Юрьев) for _The 1Hippeus project - zerocopy messaging in the spirit of Sparta!_ ******************************************************************************** ## Benchmarking and Testing Current version of t1ha library includes tool for basic testing and benchmarking. Just try `make check` from t1ha directory. To comparison benchmark also includes `wyhash`, `xxHash`, `StadtX` and `HighwayHash` functions. For example actual results for `Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4600U CPU`: ``` $ make all && sudo make check Build by GNU C/C++ compiler 9.3 (self-check passed) Testing t1ha2_atonce... Ok Testing t1ha2_atonce128... Ok Testing t1ha2_stream... Ok Testing t1ha2_stream128... Ok Testing t1ha1_64le... Ok Testing t1ha1_64be... Ok Testing t1ha0_32le... Ok Testing t1ha0_32be... Ok Testing t1ha0_ia32aes_noavx... Ok Testing t1ha0_ia32aes_avx... Ok Testing t1ha0_ia32aes_avx2... Ok Testing HighwayHash64_pure_c... Ok Testing HighwayHash64_portable_cxx... Ok Testing HighwayHash64_sse41... Ok Testing HighwayHash64_avx2... Ok Testing StadtX... Ok Testing wyhash_v7... Ok Preparing to benchmarking... - running on CPU#0 - use RDPMC_40000001 as clock source for benchmarking - assume it cheap and stable - measure granularity and overhead: 54 cycles, 0.0185185 iteration/cycle Bench for tiny keys (7 bytes): t1ha2_atonce : 17.250 cycle/hash, 2.464 cycle/byte, 0.406 byte/cycle, 1.217 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_atonce128* : 33.281 cycle/hash, 4.754 cycle/byte, 0.210 byte/cycle, 0.631 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_stream* : 77.500 cycle/hash, 11.071 cycle/byte, 0.090 byte/cycle, 0.271 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_stream128* : 99.125 cycle/hash, 14.161 cycle/byte, 0.071 byte/cycle, 0.212 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha1_64le : 18.219 cycle/hash, 2.603 cycle/byte, 0.384 byte/cycle, 1.153 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha0 : 15.102 cycle/hash, 2.157 cycle/byte, 0.464 byte/cycle, 1.391 GiB/s @3GHz xxhash32 : 16.545 cycle/hash, 2.364 cycle/byte, 0.423 byte/cycle, 1.269 GiB/s @3GHz xxhash64 : 27.203 cycle/hash, 3.886 cycle/byte, 0.257 byte/cycle, 0.772 GiB/s @3GHz xxh3_64 : 15.102 cycle/hash, 2.157 cycle/byte, 0.464 byte/cycle, 1.391 GiB/s @3GHz xxh3_128 : 18.219 cycle/hash, 2.603 cycle/byte, 0.384 byte/cycle, 1.153 GiB/s @3GHz StadtX : 20.203 cycle/hash, 2.886 cycle/byte, 0.346 byte/cycle, 1.039 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_pure_c : 607.000 cycle/hash, 86.714 cycle/byte, 0.012 byte/cycle, 0.035 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_portable: 513.000 cycle/hash, 73.286 cycle/byte, 0.014 byte/cycle, 0.041 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_sse41 : 69.438 cycle/hash, 9.920 cycle/byte, 0.101 byte/cycle, 0.302 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_avx2 : 54.875 cycle/hash, 7.839 cycle/byte, 0.128 byte/cycle, 0.383 GiB/s @3GHz wyhash_v7 : 14.102 cycle/hash, 2.015 cycle/byte, 0.496 byte/cycle, 1.489 GiB/s @3GHz Bench for large keys (16384 bytes): t1ha2_atonce : 3493.000 cycle/hash, 0.213 cycle/byte, 4.691 byte/cycle, 14.072 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_atonce128* : 3664.000 cycle/hash, 0.224 cycle/byte, 4.472 byte/cycle, 13.415 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_stream* : 3684.000 cycle/hash, 0.225 cycle/byte, 4.447 byte/cycle, 13.342 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha2_stream128* : 3709.239 cycle/hash, 0.226 cycle/byte, 4.417 byte/cycle, 13.251 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha1_64le : 3644.000 cycle/hash, 0.222 cycle/byte, 4.496 byte/cycle, 13.488 GiB/s @3GHz t1ha0 : 1289.000 cycle/hash, 0.079 cycle/byte, 12.711 byte/cycle, 38.132 GiB/s @3GHz xxhash32 : 8198.000 cycle/hash, 0.500 cycle/byte, 1.999 byte/cycle, 5.996 GiB/s @3GHz xxhash64 : 4126.750 cycle/hash, 0.252 cycle/byte, 3.970 byte/cycle, 11.911 GiB/s @3GHz xxh3_64 : 4929.000 cycle/hash, 0.301 cycle/byte, 3.324 byte/cycle, 9.972 GiB/s @3GHz xxh3_128 : 4887.536 cycle/hash, 0.298 cycle/byte, 3.352 byte/cycle, 10.057 GiB/s @3GHz StadtX : 3667.000 cycle/hash, 0.224 cycle/byte, 4.468 byte/cycle, 13.404 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_pure_c : 55294.000 cycle/hash, 3.375 cycle/byte, 0.296 byte/cycle, 0.889 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_portable: 44982.321 cycle/hash, 2.746 cycle/byte, 0.364 byte/cycle, 1.093 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_sse41 : 7041.000 cycle/hash, 0.430 cycle/byte, 2.327 byte/cycle, 6.981 GiB/s @3GHz HighwayHash64_avx2 : 4542.000 cycle/hash, 0.277 cycle/byte, 3.607 byte/cycle, 10.822 GiB/s @3GHz wyhash_v7 : 3383.000 cycle/hash, 0.206 cycle/byte, 4.843 byte/cycle, 14.529 GiB/s @3GHz ``` The `test` tool support a set of command line options to selecting functions and size of keys for benchmarking. For more info please run `./test --help`. ### The `--hash-stdin-strings` option One noteable option is `--hash-stdin-strings`, it intended to estimate hash collisions on your custom data. With this option `test` tool will hash each line from standard input and print its hash to standard output. For instance, you could count collisions for lines from some `words.list` file by bash's command: ``` ./t1ha/test --hash-stdin-strings < words.list | sort | uniq -c -d | wc -l ``` More complex example - count `xxhash()` collisions for lines from `words.list` and 0...10000 numbers, with distinction only in 32 bit of hash values: ``` (cat words.list && seq 0 10000) | \ ./t1ha/test --xxhash --hash-stdin-strings | \ cut --bytes=-8 | sort | uniq -c -d | wc -l ``` ### SMHasher [_SMHasher_](https://github.com/aappleby/smhasher/wiki) is a wellknown test suite designed to test the distribution, collision, and performance properties of non-cryptographic hash functions. _Reini Urban_ provides [extended version/fork of SMHasher](https://github.com/rurban/smhasher) which integrates a lot of modern hash functions, including _t1ha_. So, **the quality and speed of _t1ha_ can be easily checked with the following scenario:** ``` git clone https://github.com/rurban/smhasher cd smhasher cmake . make ./SMHasher City64 ./SMHasher metrohash64_1 ./SMHasher xxHash64 ... ./SMHasher t1ha ``` For properly performance please use at least GCC 5.5, Clang 6.0 or Visual Studio 2017. ### Scores Please take in account that the results is significantly depend on actual CPU, compiler version and CFLAGS. The results below were obtained in **2016** with: - CPU: `Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700K CPU`; - Compiler: `gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4)`; - CFLAGS: `-march=native -O3 -fPIC`; #### The _SMALL KEYS_ case Order by average Cycles per Hash for 1..31 bytes (less is better). | Function | MiB/Second | Cycles/Hash | Notes (quality, portability) | | :-------------------- | ------------: | -------: | :--------------------------- | _donothing_ | 15747227.36 | 6.00 | not a hash (just for reference) _sumhash32_ | 43317.86 | 16.69 | not a hash (just for reference) FNV1a_YoshimitsuTRIAD | 13000.49 | 24.96 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) crc64_hw | 7308.06 | 28.37 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE4.2) crc32_hw | 5577.64 | 29.10 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE4.2) NOP_OAAT_read64 | 1991.31 | 30.46 | poor (100% bias, 2.17x collisions) Crap8 | 2743.80 | 32.50 | poor (2.42% bias, collisions, 2% distrib) **t1ha_aes** | **34636.42** | **33.03** | non-portable (AES-NI) **t1ha** | **12228.80** | **35.55** | MUM | 10246.20 | 37.25 | non-portable (different result, machine specific) Murmur2 | 2789.89 | 38.37 | poor (1.7% bias, 81x coll, 1.7% distrib) t1ha_32le | 5958.54 | 38.54 | alien (designed for 32-bit CPU) t1ha_64be | 9321.23 | 38.29 | alien (designed for big-endian CPU) lookup3 | 1817.11 | 39.30 | poor (28% bias, collisions, 30% distrib) t1ha_32be | 5873.45 | 39.81 | alien (designed for 32-bit big-endian CPU) Murmur2C | 3655.60 | 42.68 | poor (91% bias, collisions, distrib) fasthash64 | 5578.06 | 43.42 | Murmur2A | 2789.85 | 43.38 | poor (12.7% bias) xxHash32 | 5513.55 | 43.72 | Murmur2B | 5578.21 | 44.13 | weak (1.8% bias, collisions, distrib) fasthash32 | 5381.46 | 45.50 | cmetrohash64_1_optshort | 11808.92 | 46.33 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) metrohash64_2 | 12113.12 | 46.88 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) cmetrohash64_1 | 12081.32 | 47.28 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) metrohash64_1 | 12024.68 | 47.21 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) Murmur3F | 5473.62 | 47.37 | superfast | 1860.25 | 47.45 | poor (91% bias, 5273.01x collisions, 37% distrib) cmetrohash64_2 | 12052.58 | 48.66 | Murmur3A | 2232.00 | 48.16 | City32 | 5014.33 | 51.13 | far to perfect (2 minor collisions) City64 | 11041.72 | 51.77 | metrohash64crc_2 | 20582.76 | 51.39 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) _sumhash_ | 9668.13 | 51.31 | not a hash (just for reference) metrohash64crc_1 | 21319.23 | 52.36 | weak (cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) PMurHash32 | 2232.26 | 53.18 | Murmur3C | 3719.22 | 54.05 | bernstein | 921.43 | 55.17 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) xxHash64 | 11123.15 | 56.17 | Spooky32 | 11464.20 | 59.45 | City128 | 12551.54 | 60.93 | FarmHash64 | 12145.36 | 60.12 | non-portable (SSE4.2) Spooky128 | 11735.99 | 60.45 | weak (collisions with 4bit diff) Spooky64 | 11820.20 | 60.39 | CityCrc128 | 14821.82 | 62.38 | non-portable (SSE4.2) MicroOAAT | 826.32 | 62.06 | poor (100% bias, distrib) metrohash128_1 | 11063.78 | 66.58 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) metrohash128_2 | 11465.18 | 66.72 | weak (cyclic collisions) GoodOAAT | 930.18 | 68.24 | metrohash128crc_1 | 21322.80 | 70.33 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash128crc_2 | 20990.70 | 70.40 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) farmhash64_c | 12033.13 | 71.30 | non-portable (SSE4.2) sdbm | 695.29 | 71.76 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) FNV1a | 684.17 | 72.75 | poor (zeros, 100% bias, collisions, distrib) FNV64 | 697.67 | 72.70 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) FarmHash128 | 12515.98 | 77.43 | non-portable (SSE4.2) hasshe2 | 2587.39 | 81.23 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE2) _BadHash_ | 558.14 | 87.87 | not a hash (just for reference) x17 | 551.99 | 89.24 | poor (99.98% bias, collisions, distrib) JenkinsOOAT_perl | 558.14 | 95.26 | poor (1.5-11.5% bias, 7.2x collisions) farmhash128_c | 12709.06 | 96.42 | non-portable (SSE4.1) MurmurOAAT | 465.12 | 107.61 | poor (collisions, 99.99% distrib) JenkinsOOAT | 558.13 | 116.75 | poor (53.5% bias, collisions, distrib) falkhash | 8909.54 | 124.48 | non-portable (AES-NI) crc32 | 342.27 | 142.06 | poor (insecure, 8589.93x collisions, distrib) SipHash | 962.35 | 147.36 | md5_32a | 433.03 | 508.98 | sha1_32a | 531.44 | 1222.44 | #### The _LARGE KEYS_ case Order by hashing speed in Mi-bytes (2^20 = 1048576) per second for 262144-byte block (more is better). | Function | MiB/Second | Cycles/Hash | Notes (quality, portability) | | :-------------------- | ------------: | -------: | :--------------------------- | _donothing_ | 15747227.36 | 6.00 | not a hash (just for reference) _sumhash32_ | 43317.86 | 16.69 | not a hash (just for reference) **t1ha_aes** | **34636.42** | **33.03** | non-portable (AES-NI) metrohash128crc_1 | 21322.80 | 70.33 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash64crc_1 | 21319.23 | 52.36 | _seems weak_ (cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash128crc_2 | 20990.70 | 70.40 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash64crc_2 | 20582.76 | 51.39 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions), non-portable (SSE4.2) CityCrc128 | 14821.82 | 62.38 | non-portable (SSE4.2) FNV1a_YoshimitsuTRIAD | 13000.49 | 24.96 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) farmhash128_c | 12709.06 | 96.42 | non-portable (SSE4.1) City128 | 12551.54 | 60.93 | FarmHash128 | 12515.98 | 77.43 | non-portable (SSE4.2) **t1ha** | **12228.80** | **35.55** | FarmHash64 | 12145.36 | 60.12 | non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash64_2 | 12113.12 | 46.88 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) cmetrohash64_1 | 12081.32 | 47.28 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) cmetrohash64_2 | 12052.58 | 48.66 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) farmhash64_c | 12033.13 | 71.30 | non-portable (SSE4.2) metrohash64_1 | 12024.68 | 47.21 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) Spooky64 | 11820.20 | 60.39 | cmetrohash64_1_optshort | 11808.92 | 46.33 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) Spooky128 | 11735.99 | 60.45 | weak (collisions with 4-bit diff) metrohash128_2 | 11465.18 | 66.72 | weak (cyclic collisions) Spooky32 | 11464.20 | 59.45 | xxHash64 | 11123.15 | 56.17 | metrohash128_1 | 11063.78 | 66.58 | _seems weak_ (likely cyclic collisions) City64 | 11041.72 | 51.77 | MUM | 10246.20 | 37.25 | non-portable (different result, machine specific) _sumhash_ | 9668.13 | 51.31 | not a hash (just for reference) t1ha_64be | 9321.23 | 38.29 | alien (designed for big-endian CPU) falkhash | 8909.54 | 124.48 | non-portable (AES-NI) crc64_hw | 7308.06 | 28.37 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE4.2) t1ha_32le | 5958.54 | 38.54 | alien (designed for 32-bit CPU) t1ha_32be | 5873.45 | 39.81 | alien (designed for 32-bit big-endian CPU) fasthash64 | 5578.06 | 43.42 | Murmur2B | 5578.21 | 44.13 | weak (1.8% bias, collisions, distrib) crc32_hw | 5577.64 | 29.10 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE4.2) xxHash32 | 5513.55 | 43.72 | Murmur3F | 5473.62 | 47.37 | fasthash32 | 5381.46 | 45.50 | City32 | 5014.33 | 51.13 | far to perfect (2 minor collisions) Murmur3C | 3719.22 | 54.05 | Murmur2C | 3655.60 | 42.68 | poor (91% bias, collisions, distrib) Murmur2 | 2789.89 | 38.37 | poor (1.7% bias, 81x coll, 1.7% distrib) Murmur2A | 2789.85 | 43.38 | poor (12.7% bias) Crap8 | 2743.80 | 32.50 | poor (2.42% bias, collisions, 2% distrib) hasshe2 | 2587.39 | 81.23 | poor (insecure, 100% bias, collisions, distrib), non-portable (SSE2) Murmur3A | 2232.00 | 48.16 | PMurHash32 | 2232.26 | 53.18 | NOP_OAAT_read64 | 1991.31 | 30.46 | poor (100% bias, 2.17x collisions) superfast | 1860.25 | 47.45 | poor (91% bias, 5273.01x collisions, 37% distrib) lookup3 | 1817.11 | 39.30 | poor (28% bias, collisions, 30% distrib) SipHash | 962.35 | 147.36 | GoodOAAT | 930.18 | 68.24 | bernstein | 921.43 | 55.17 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) MicroOAAT | 826.32 | 62.06 | poor (100% bias, distrib) FNV64 | 697.67 | 72.70 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) sdbm | 695.29 | 71.76 | poor (100% bias, collisions, distrib) FNV1a | 684.17 | 72.75 | poor (zeros, 100% bias, collisions, distrib) _BadHash_ | 558.14 | 87.87 | not a hash (just for reference) JenkinsOOAT | 558.13 | 116.75 | poor (53.5% bias, collisions, distrib) JenkinsOOAT_perl | 558.14 | 95.26 | poor (1.5-11.5% bias, 7.2x collisions) x17 | 551.99 | 89.24 | poor (99.98% bias, collisions, distrib) sha1_32a | 531.44 | 1222.44 | MurmurOAAT | 465.12 | 107.61 | poor (collisions, 99.99% distrib) md5_32a | 433.03 | 508.98 | crc32 | 342.27 | 142.06 | poor (insecure, 8589.93x collisions, distrib) ----- #### This is a mirror of the origin repository that was moved to [abf.io](https://abf.io/erthink/) because of discriminatory restrictions for Russian Crimea.