-- -- INTERVAL -- SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO'; -- check acceptance of "time zone style" SELECT INTERVAL '01:00' AS "One hour"; One hour ---------- 01:00:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '+02:00' AS "Two hours"; Two hours ----------- 02:00:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '-08:00' AS "Eight hours"; Eight hours ------------- -08:00:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '-1 +02:03' AS "22 hours ago..."; 22 hours ago... ------------------- -1 days +02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '-1 days +02:03' AS "22 hours ago..."; 22 hours ago... ------------------- -1 days +02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 weeks' AS "Ten days twelve hours"; Ten days twelve hours ----------------------- 10 days 12:00:00 (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '1.5 months' AS "One month 15 days"; One month 15 days ------------------- 1 mon 15 days (1 row) SELECT INTERVAL '10 years -11 month -12 days +13:14' AS "9 years..."; 9 years... ---------------------------------- 9 years 1 mon -12 days +13:14:00 (1 row) CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_TBL (f1 interval); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 1 minute'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 5 hour'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 10 day'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 34 year'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 3 months'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 14 seconds ago'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('1 day 2 hours 3 minutes 4 seconds'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('6 years'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months'); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('5 months 12 hours'); -- badly formatted interval INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('badly formatted interval'); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "badly formatted interval" LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('badly formatted inter... ^ INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 30 eons ago'); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "@ 30 eons ago" LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL (f1) VALUES ('@ 30 eons ago'); ^ -- test interval operators SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL; f1 ----------------- 00:01:00 05:00:00 10 days 34 years 3 mons -00:00:14 1 day 02:03:04 6 years 5 mons 5 mons 12:00:00 (10 rows) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <> interval '@ 10 days'; f1 ----------------- 00:01:00 05:00:00 34 years 3 mons -00:00:14 1 day 02:03:04 6 years 5 mons 5 mons 12:00:00 (9 rows) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 <= interval '@ 5 hours'; f1 ----------- 00:01:00 05:00:00 -00:00:14 (3 rows) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 < interval '@ 1 day'; f1 ----------- 00:01:00 05:00:00 -00:00:14 (3 rows) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 = interval '@ 34 years'; f1 ---------- 34 years (1 row) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 >= interval '@ 1 month'; f1 ----------------- 34 years 3 mons 6 years 5 mons 5 mons 12:00:00 (5 rows) SELECT * FROM INTERVAL_TBL WHERE INTERVAL_TBL.f1 > interval '@ 3 seconds ago'; f1 ----------------- 00:01:00 05:00:00 10 days 34 years 3 mons 1 day 02:03:04 6 years 5 mons 5 mons 12:00:00 (9 rows) -- Test intervals that are large enough to overflow 64 bits in comparisons CREATE TEMP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1 interval); INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 days 2147483647 months'), ('2147483647 days -2147483648 months'), ('1 year'), ('-2147483648 days 2147483647 months'), ('-2147483648 days -2147483648 months'); -- these should fail as out-of-range INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483648 days'); ERROR: interval field value out of range: "2147483648 days" LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483648 days'); ^ INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483649 days'); ERROR: interval field value out of range: "-2147483649 days" LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483649 days')... ^ INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 years'); ERROR: interval out of range LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('2147483647 years')... ^ INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483648 years'); ERROR: interval out of range LINE 1: INSERT INTO INTERVAL_TBL_OF (f1) VALUES ('-2147483648 years'... ^ -- Test edge-case overflow detection in interval multiplication select extract(epoch from '256 microseconds'::interval * (2^55)::float8); ERROR: interval out of range CREATE INDEX ON INTERVAL_TBL_OF USING btree (f1); DROP TABLE INTERVAL_TBL_OF; -- Test multiplication and division with intervals. -- Floating point arithmetic rounding errors can lead to unexpected results, -- though the code attempts to do the right thing and round up to days and -- minutes to avoid results such as '3 days 24:00 hours' or '14:20:60'. -- Note that it is expected for some day components to be greater than 29 and -- some time components be greater than 23:59:59 due to how intervals are -- stored internally. CREATE TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL (span interval); DROP TABLE INTERVAL_MULDIV_TBL; SET DATESTYLE = 'postgres'; -- test fractional second input, and detection of duplicate units SET DATESTYLE = 'ISO'; SELECT '1 millisecond'::interval, '1 microsecond'::interval, '500 seconds 99 milliseconds 51 microseconds'::interval; interval | interval | interval --------------+-----------------+----------------- 00:00:00.001 | 00:00:00.000001 | 00:08:20.099051 (1 row) SELECT '3 days 5 milliseconds'::interval; interval --------------------- 3 days 00:00:00.005 (1 row) SELECT '1 second 2 seconds'::interval; -- error ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 second 2 seconds" LINE 1: SELECT '1 second 2 seconds'::interval; ^ SELECT '10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds'::interval; -- error ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds" LINE 1: SELECT '10 milliseconds 20 milliseconds'::interval; ^ SELECT '5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds'::interval; -- error ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds" LINE 1: SELECT '5.5 seconds 3 milliseconds'::interval; ^ SELECT '1:20:05 5 microseconds'::interval; -- error ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1:20:05 5 microseconds" LINE 1: SELECT '1:20:05 5 microseconds'::interval; ^ SELECT '1 day 1 day'::interval; -- error ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 day 1 day" LINE 1: SELECT '1 day 1 day'::interval; ^ SELECT interval '1-2'; -- SQL year-month literal interval --------------- 1 year 2 mons (1 row) SELECT interval '999' second; -- oversize leading field is ok interval ---------- 00:16:39 (1 row) SELECT interval '999' minute; interval ---------- 16:39:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '999' hour; interval ----------- 999:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '999' day; interval ---------- 999 days (1 row) SELECT interval '999' month; interval ----------------- 83 years 3 mons (1 row) -- test SQL-spec syntaxes for restricted field sets SELECT interval '1' year; interval ---------- 1 year (1 row) SELECT interval '2' month; interval ---------- 2 mons (1 row) SELECT interval '3' day; interval ---------- 3 days (1 row) SELECT interval '4' hour; interval ---------- 04:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '5' minute; interval ---------- 00:05:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '6' second; interval ---------- 00:00:06 (1 row) SELECT interval '1' year to month; interval ---------- 1 mon (1 row) SELECT interval '1-2' year to month; interval --------------- 1 year 2 mons (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' day to hour; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to hour; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to hour; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' day to minute; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' day to minute; ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to minute; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to minute; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' day to second; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' day to second; ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' day to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:04 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' hour to minute; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' hour to minute; ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to minute; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to minute; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' hour to second; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' hour to second; ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' hour to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' hour to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:04 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2' minute to second; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2' minute to second; ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' minute to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 00:02:03 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04' minute to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:04 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 +2:03' minute to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 00:02:03 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 +2:03:04' minute to second; interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:04 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 -2:03' minute to second; interval ----------------- 1 day -00:02:03 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 -2:03:04' minute to second; interval ----------------- 1 day -02:03:04 (1 row) SELECT interval '123 11' day to hour; -- ok interval ------------------- 123 days 11:00:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '123 11' day; -- not ok ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 11" LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 11' day; ^ SELECT interval '123 11'; -- not ok, too ambiguous ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 11" LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 11'; ^ SELECT interval '123 2:03 -2:04'; -- not ok, redundant hh:mm fields ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "123 2:03 -2:04" LINE 1: SELECT interval '123 2:03 -2:04'; ^ -- test syntaxes for restricted precision SELECT interval(0) '1 day 01:23:45.6789'; interval ---------------- 1 day 01:23:46 (1 row) SELECT interval(2) '1 day 01:23:45.6789'; interval ------------------- 1 day 01:23:45.68 (1 row) SELECT interval '12:34.5678' minute to second(2); -- per SQL spec interval ------------- 00:12:34.57 (1 row) SELECT interval '1.234' second; interval -------------- 00:00:01.234 (1 row) SELECT interval '1.234' second(2); interval ------------- 00:00:01.23 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2.345' day to second(2); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.345" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.345' day to second(2); ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03' day to second(2); interval ---------------- 1 day 02:03:00 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03.4567' day to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 00:02:03.46 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' day to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 02:03:04.57 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2.345' hour to second(2); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.345" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.345' hour to second(2); ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03.45678' hour to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 00:02:03.46 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' hour to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 02:03:04.57 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2.3456' minute to second(2); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type interval: "1 2.3456" LINE 1: SELECT interval '1 2.3456' minute to second(2); ^ SELECT interval '1 2:03.5678' minute to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 00:02:03.57 (1 row) SELECT interval '1 2:03:04.5678' minute to second(2); interval ------------------- 1 day 02:03:04.57 (1 row) SELECT interval '+1 -1:00:00', interval '-1 +1:00:00', interval '+1-2 -3 +4:05:06.789', interval '-1-2 +3 -4:05:06.789'; interval | interval | interval | interval -----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------------+---------------------------------------- 1 day -01:00:00 | -1 days +01:00:00 | 1 year 2 mons -3 days +04:05:06.789 | -1 years -2 mons +3 days -04:05:06.789 (1 row) select interval 'P00021015T103020' AS "ISO8601 Basic Format", interval 'P0002-10-15T10:30:20' AS "ISO8601 Extended Format"; ISO8601 Basic Format | ISO8601 Extended Format ----------------------------------+---------------------------------- 2 years 10 mons 15 days 10:30:20 | 2 years 10 mons 15 days 10:30:20 (1 row) -- Make sure optional ISO8601 alternative format fields are optional. select interval 'P0002' AS "year only", interval 'P0002-10' AS "year month", interval 'P0002-10-15' AS "year month day", interval 'P0002T1S' AS "year only plus time", interval 'P0002-10T1S' AS "year month plus time", interval 'P0002-10-15T1S' AS "year month day plus time", interval 'PT10' AS "hour only", interval 'PT10:30' AS "hour minute"; year only | year month | year month day | year only plus time | year month plus time | year month day plus time | hour only | hour minute -----------+-----------------+-------------------------+---------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------+------------- 2 years | 2 years 10 mons | 2 years 10 mons 15 days | 2 years 00:00:01 | 2 years 10 mons 00:00:01 | 2 years 10 mons 15 days 00:00:01 | 10:00:00 | 10:30:00 (1 row) -- check that '30 days' equals '1 month' according to the hash function select '30 days'::interval = '1 month'::interval as t; t --- t (1 row) select interval_hash('30 days'::interval) = interval_hash('1 month'::interval) as t; t --- t (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(FORTNIGHT FROM INTERVAL '2 days'); -- error ERROR: interval units "fortnight" not recognized SELECT EXTRACT(TIMEZONE FROM INTERVAL '2 days'); -- error ERROR: interval units "timezone" not supported SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '100 y'); extract --------- 10 (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '99 y'); extract --------- 9 (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-99 y'); extract --------- -9 (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(DECADE FROM INTERVAL '-100 y'); extract --------- -10 (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '100 y'); extract --------- 1 (1 row) SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM INTERVAL '-100 y'); extract --------- -1 (1 row) -- internal overflow test case SELECT extract(epoch from interval '1000000000 days'); extract ----------------------- 86400000000000.000000 (1 row)