Changelog ========= .. _v41-0-6: 41.0.6 - 2023-11-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a null-pointer-dereference and segfault that could occur when loading certificates from a PKCS#7 bundle. Credit to **pkuzco** for reporting the issue. **CVE-2023-49083** .. _v41-0-5: 41.0.5 - 2023-10-24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4. * Added a function to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. .. _v41-0-4: 41.0.4 - 2023-09-19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3. .. _v41-0-3: 41.0.3 - 2023-08-01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed performance regression loading DH public keys. * Fixed a memory leak when using :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`. * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.2. .. _v41-0-2: 41.0.2 - 2023-07-10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed bugs in creating and parsing SSH certificates where critical options with values were handled incorrectly. Certificates are now created correctly and parsing accepts correct values as well as the previously generated invalid forms with a warning. In the next release, support for parsing these invalid forms will be removed. .. _v41-0-1: 41.0.1 - 2023-06-01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Temporarily allow invalid ECDSA signature algorithm parameters in X.509 certificates, which are generated by older versions of Java. * Allow null bytes in pass phrases when serializing private keys. .. _v41-0-0: 41.0.0 - 2023-05-30 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL less than 1.1.1d has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.6 has been removed. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 3.6. * Updated the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to 1.56.0, from 1.48.0. * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.1. * Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPAcceptableResponses` OCSP extension. * Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.MSCertificateTemplate` proprietary Microsoft certificate extension. * Implemented support for equality checks on all asymmetric public key types. * Added support for ``aes256-gcm@openssh.com`` encrypted keys in :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key`. * Added support for obtaining X.509 certificate signature algorithm parameters (including PSS) via :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.signature_algorithm_parameters`. * Support signing :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS` X.509 certificates via the new keyword-only argument ``rsa_padding`` on :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder.sign`. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305` on BoringSSL. .. _v40-0-2: 40.0.2 - 2023-04-14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.7.2. * Added some functions to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. .. _v40-0-1: 40.0.1 - 2023-03-24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a bug where certain operations would fail if an object happened to be in the top-half of the memory-space. This only impacted 32-bit systems. .. _v40-0-0: 40.0.0 - 2023-03-24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** As announced in the 39.0.0 changelog, the way ``cryptography`` links OpenSSL has changed. This only impacts users who build ``cryptography`` from source (i.e., not from a ``wheel``), and specify their own version of OpenSSL. For those users, the ``CFLAGS``, ``LDFLAGS``, ``INCLUDE``, ``LIB``, and ``CRYPTOGRAPHY_SUPPRESS_LINK_FLAGS`` environment variables are no longer valid. Instead, users need to configure their builds `as documented here`_. * Support for Python 3.6 is deprecated and will be removed in the next release. * Deprecated the current minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) of 1.48.0. In the next release we will raise MSRV to 1.56.0. Users with the latest ``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust installed, but check :doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a newer ``rustc`` if required. * Deprecated support for OpenSSL less than 1.1.1d. The next release of ``cryptography`` will drop support for older versions. * Deprecated support for DSA keys in :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key`. * Deprecated support for OpenSSH serialization in :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`. * The minimum supported version of PyPy3 is now 7.3.10. * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.0. * Added support for parsing SSH certificates in addition to public keys with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_identity`. :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` continues to support only public keys. * Added support for generating SSH certificates with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertificateBuilder`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.verify_directly_issued_by` to :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`. * Added a check to :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints` to ensure that :class:`~cryptography.x509.DNSName` constraints do not contain any ``*`` wildcards. * Removed many unused CFFI OpenSSL bindings. This will not impact you unless you are using ``cryptography`` to directly invoke OpenSSL's C API. Note that these have never been considered a stable, supported, public API by ``cryptography``, this note is included as a courtesy. * The X.509 builder classes now raise ``UnsupportedAlgorithm`` instead of ``ValueError`` if an unsupported hash algorithm is passed. * Added public union type aliases for type hinting: * Asymmetric types: :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.PublicKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.PrivateKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificatePublicKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificateIssuerPublicKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types.CertificateIssuerPrivateKeyTypes`. * SSH keys: :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHPublicKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHPrivateKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertPublicKeyTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.SSHCertPrivateKeyTypes`. * PKCS12: :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.PKCS12PrivateKeyTypes` * PKCS7: :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7HashTypes`, :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7PrivateKeyTypes`. * Two-factor: :const:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp.HOTPHashTypes` * Deprecated previously undocumented but not private type aliases in the ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.types`` module in favor of new ones above. .. _v39-0-2: 39.0.2 - 2023-03-02 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a bug where the content type header was not properly encoded for PKCS7 signatures when using the ``Text`` option and ``SMIME`` encoding. .. _v39-0-1: 39.0.1 - 2023-02-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE** - Fixed a bug where ``Cipher.update_into`` accepted Python buffer protocol objects, but allowed immutable buffers. **CVE-2023-23931** * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.8. .. _v39-0-0: 39.0.0 - 2023-01-01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL 1.1.0 has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL < 3.5. The new minimum LibreSSL version is 3.5.0. Going forward our policy is to support versions of LibreSSL that are available in versions of OpenBSD that are still receiving security support. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed the ``encode_point`` and ``from_encoded_point`` methods on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers`, which had been deprecated for several years. :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point` should be used instead. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for using MD5 or SHA1 in :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`, other X.509 builders, and PKCS7 has been removed. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.10 and 10.11, macOS users must upgrade to 10.12 or newer. * **ANNOUNCEMENT:** The next version of ``cryptography`` (40.0) will change the way we link OpenSSL. This will only impact users who build ``cryptography`` from source (i.e., not from a ``wheel``), and specify their own version of OpenSSL. For those users, the ``CFLAGS``, ``LDFLAGS``, ``INCLUDE``, ``LIB``, and ``CRYPTOGRAPHY_SUPPRESS_LINK_FLAGS`` environment variables will no longer be respected. Instead, users will need to configure their builds `as documented here`_. * Added support for :ref:`disabling the legacy provider in OpenSSL 3.0.x`. * Added support for disabling RSA key validation checks when loading RSA keys via :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key`, :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key`, and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers.private_key`. This speeds up key loading but is :term:`unsafe` if you are loading potentially attacker supplied keys. * Significantly improved performance for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305` when repeatedly calling ``encrypt`` or ``decrypt`` with the same key. * Added support for creating OCSP requests with precomputed hashes using :meth:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPRequestBuilder.add_certificate_by_hash`. * Added support for loading multiple PEM-encoded X.509 certificates from a single input via :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_pem_x509_certificates`. .. _v38-0-4: 38.0.4 - 2022-11-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed compilation when using LibreSSL 3.6.0. * Fixed error when using ``py2app`` to build an application with a ``cryptography`` dependency. .. _v38-0-3: 38.0.3 - 2022-11-01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.7, which resolves *CVE-2022-3602* and *CVE-2022-3786*. .. _v38-0-2: 38.0.2 - 2022-10-11 (YANKED) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. attention:: This release was subsequently yanked from PyPI due to a regression in OpenSSL. * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.6. .. _v38-0-1: 38.0.1 - 2022-09-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed parsing TLVs in ASN.1 with length greater than 65535 bytes (typically seen in large CRLs). .. _v38-0-0: 38.0.0 - 2022-09-06 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Final deprecation of OpenSSL 1.1.0. The next release of ``cryptography`` will drop support. * We no longer ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels. Users should upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to ensure this doesn't cause issues downloading wheels on their platform. We now ship ``manylinux_2_28`` wheels for users on new enough platforms. * Updated the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to 1.48.0, from 1.41.0. Users with the latest ``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust installed, but check :doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a newer ``rustc`` if required. * :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.decrypt` and related methods now accept both ``str`` and ``bytes`` tokens. * Parsing ``CertificateSigningRequest`` restores the behavior of enforcing that the ``Extension`` ``critical`` field must be correctly encoded DER. See `the issue `_ for complete details. * Added two new OpenSSL functions to the bindings to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. * When parsing :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` and :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest` values, it is now enforced that the ``version`` value in the input must be valid according to the rules of :rfc:`2986` and :rfc:`5280`. * Using MD5 or SHA1 in :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder` and other X.509 builders is deprecated and support will be removed in the next version. * Added additional APIs to :class:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp`, including :attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature_hash_algorithm`, :attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature_algorithm`, :attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.signature`, and :attr:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp.extension_bytes`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.tbs_precertificate_bytes`, allowing users to access the to-be-signed pre-certificate data needed for signed certificate timestamp verification. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFHMAC` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFCMAC` now support :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.CounterLocation.MiddleFixed` counter location. * Fixed :rfc:`4514` name parsing to reverse the order of the RDNs according to the section 2.1 of the RFC, affecting method :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.from_rfc4514_string`. * It is now possible to customize some aspects of encryption when serializing private keys, using :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.PrivateFormat.encryption_builder`. * Removed several legacy symbols from our OpenSSL bindings. Users of pyOpenSSL versions older than 22.0 will need to upgrade. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES128` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES256` classes. These classes do not replace :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES` (which allows all AES key lengths), but are intended for applications where developers want to be explicit about key length. .. _v37-0-4: 37.0.4 - 2022-07-05 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.5. .. _v37-0-3: 37.0.3 - 2022-06-21 (YANKED) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. attention:: This release was subsequently yanked from PyPI due to a regression in OpenSSL. * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.4. .. _v37-0-2: 37.0.2 - 2022-05-03 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.3. * Added a constant needed for an upcoming pyOpenSSL release. .. _v37-0-1: 37.0.1 - 2022-04-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed an issue where parsing an encrypted private key with the public loader functions would hang waiting for console input on OpenSSL 3.0.x rather than raising an error. * Restored some legacy symbols for older ``pyOpenSSL`` users. These will be removed again in the future, so ``pyOpenSSL`` users should still upgrade to the latest version of that package when they upgrade ``cryptography``. .. _v37-0-0: 37.0.0 - 2022-04-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.2. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL 2.9.x and 3.0.x. The new minimum LibreSSL version is 3.1+. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed ``signer`` and ``verifier`` methods from the public key and private key classes. These methods were originally deprecated in version 2.0, but had an extended deprecation timeline due to usage. Any remaining users should transition to ``sign`` and ``verify``. * Deprecated OpenSSL 1.1.0 support. OpenSSL 1.1.0 is no longer supported by the OpenSSL project. The next release of ``cryptography`` will be the last to support compiling with OpenSSL 1.1.0. * Deprecated Python 3.6 support. Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Support for Python 3.6 will be removed in a future ``cryptography`` release. * Deprecated the current minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) of 1.41.0. In the next release we will raise MSRV to 1.48.0. Users with the latest ``pip`` will typically get a wheel and not need Rust installed, but check :doc:`/installation` for documentation on installing a newer ``rustc`` if required. * Deprecated :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.CAST5`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SEED`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.IDEA`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.Blowfish` because they are legacy algorithms with extremely low usage. These will be removed in a future version of ``cryptography``. * Added limited support for distinguished names containing a bit string. * We now ship ``universal2`` wheels on macOS, which contain both ``arm64`` and ``x86_64`` architectures. Users on macOS should upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to ensure they can use this wheel, although we will continue to ship ``x86_64`` specific wheels for now to ease the transition. * This will be the final release for which we ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels. Going forward the minimum supported ``manylinux`` ABI for our wheels will be ``manylinux2014``. The vast majority of users will continue to receive ``manylinux`` wheels provided they have an up to date ``pip``. For PyPy wheels this release already requires ``manylinux2014`` for compatibility with binaries distributed by upstream. * Added support for multiple :class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPSingleResponse` in a :class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse`. * Restored support for signing certificates and other structures in :doc:`/x509/index` with SHA3 hash algorithms. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.TripleDES` is disabled in FIPS mode. * Added support for serialization of PKCS#12 CA friendly names/aliases in :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates` * Added support for 12-15 byte (96 to 120 bit) nonces to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESOCB3`. This class previously supported only 12 byte (96 bit). * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESSIV` when using OpenSSL 3.0.0+. * Added support for serializing PKCS7 structures from a list of certificates with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.serialize_certificates`. * Added support for parsing :rfc:`4514` strings with :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.from_rfc4514_string`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS.AUTO` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`. This can be used to verify a signature where the salt length is not already known. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS.DIGEST_LENGTH` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`. This constant will set the salt length to the same length as the ``PSS`` hash algorithm. * Added support for loading RSA-PSS key types with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key`. This functionality is limited to OpenSSL 1.1.1e+ and loads the key as a normal RSA private key, discarding the PSS constraint information. .. _v36-0-2: 36.0.2 - 2022-03-15 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1n. .. _v36-0-1: 36.0.1 - 2021-12-14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1m. .. _v36-0-0: 36.0.0 - 2021-11-21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **FINAL DEPRECATION** Support for ``verifier`` and ``signer`` on our asymmetric key classes was deprecated in version 2.0. These functions had an extended deprecation due to usage, however the next version of ``cryptography`` will drop support. Users should migrate to ``sign`` and ``verify``. * The entire :doc:`/x509/index` layer is now written in Rust. This allows alternate asymmetric key implementations that can support cloud key management services or hardware security modules provided they implement the necessary interface (for example: :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`). * :ref:`Deprecated the backend argument` for all functions. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESOCB3`. * Added support for iterating over arbitrary request :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.attributes`. * Deprecated the ``get_attribute_for_oid`` method on :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest` in favor of :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Attributes.get_attribute_for_oid` on the new :class:`~cryptography.x509.Attributes` object. * Fixed handling of PEM files to allow loading when certificate and key are in the same file. * Fixed parsing of :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificatePolicies` extensions containing legacy ``BMPString`` values in their ``explicitText``. * Allow parsing of negative serial numbers in certificates. Negative serial numbers are prohibited by :rfc:`5280` so a deprecation warning will be raised whenever they are encountered. A future version of ``cryptography`` will drop support for parsing them. * Added support for parsing PKCS12 files with friendly names for all certificates with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.load_pkcs12`, which will return an object of type :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.PKCS12KeyAndCertificates`. * :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` and related methods now have an optional ``attr_name_overrides`` parameter to supply custom OID to name mappings, which can be used to match vendor-specific extensions. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Reverted the nonstandard formatting of email address fields as ``E`` in :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` methods from version 35.0. The previous behavior can be restored with: ``name.rfc4514_string({NameOID.EMAIL_ADDRESS: "E"})`` * Allow :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x448.X448PublicKey` to be used as public keys when parsing certificates or creating them with :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`. These key types must be signed with a different signing algorithm as ``X25519`` and ``X448`` do not support signing. * Extension values can now be serialized to a DER byte string by calling :func:`~cryptography.x509.ExtensionType.public_bytes`. * Added experimental support for compiling against BoringSSL. As BoringSSL does not commit to a stable API, ``cryptography`` tests against the latest commit only. Please note that several features are not available when building against BoringSSL. * Parsing ``CertificateSigningRequest`` from DER and PEM now, for a limited time period, allows the ``Extension`` ``critical`` field to be incorrectly encoded. See `the issue `_ for complete details. This will be reverted in a future ``cryptography`` release. * When :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPNonce` are parsed and generated their value is now correctly wrapped in an ASN.1 ``OCTET STRING``. This conforms to :rfc:`6960` but conflicts with the original behavior specified in :rfc:`2560`. For a temporary period for backwards compatibility, we will also parse values that are encoded as specified in :rfc:`2560` but this behavior will be removed in a future release. .. _v35-0-0: 35.0.0 - 2021-09-29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Changed the :ref:`version scheme `. This will result in us incrementing the major version more frequently, but does not change our existing backwards compatibility policy. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The :doc:`/x509/index` PEM parsers now require that the PEM string passed have PEM delimiters of the correct type. For example, parsing a private key PEM concatenated with a certificate PEM will no longer be accepted by the PEM certificate parser. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The X.509 certificate parser no longer allows negative serial numbers. :rfc:`5280` has always prohibited these. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Additional forms of invalid ASN.1 found during :doc:`/x509/index` parsing will raise an error on initial parse rather than when the malformed field is accessed. * Rust is now required for building ``cryptography``, the ``CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST`` environment variable is no longer respected. * Parsers for :doc:`/x509/index` no longer use OpenSSL and have been rewritten in Rust. This should be backwards compatible (modulo the items listed above) and improve both security and performance. * Added support for OpenSSL 3.0.0 as a compilation target. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SM3` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SM4`, when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. These algorithms are provided for compatibility in regions where they may be required, and are not generally recommended. * We now ship ``manylinux_2_24`` and ``musllinux_1_1`` wheels, in addition to our ``manylinux2010`` and ``manylinux2014`` wheels. Users on distributions like Alpine Linux should ensure they upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to correctly receive wheels. * Added ``rfc4514_attribute_name`` attribute to :attr:`x509.NameAttribute `. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFCMAC`. .. _v3-4-8: 3.4.8 - 2021-08-24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1l. .. _v3-4-7: 3.4.7 - 2021-03-25 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1k. .. _v3-4-6: 3.4.6 - 2021-02-16 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1j. .. _v3-4-5: 3.4.5 - 2021-02-13 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Various improvements to type hints. * Lower the minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) to >=1.41.0. This change improves compatibility with system-provided Rust on several Linux distributions. * ``cryptography`` will be switching to a new versioning scheme with its next feature release. More information is available in our :doc:`/api-stability` documentation. .. _v3-4-4: 3.4.4 - 2021-02-09 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added a ``py.typed`` file so that ``mypy`` will know to use our type annotations. * Fixed an import cycle that could be triggered by certain import sequences. .. _v3-4-3: 3.4.3 - 2021-02-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Specify our supported Rust version (>=1.45.0) in our ``setup.py`` so users on older versions will get a clear error message. .. _v3-4-2: 3.4.2 - 2021-02-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Improvements to make the rust transition a bit easier. This includes some better error messages and small dependency fixes. If you experience installation problems **Be sure to update pip** first, then check the :doc:`FAQ `. .. _v3-4-1: 3.4.1 - 2021-02-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a circular import issue. * Added additional debug output to assist users seeing installation errors due to outdated ``pip`` or missing ``rustc``. .. _v3-4: 3.4 - 2021-02-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 2 has been removed. * We now ship ``manylinux2014`` wheels and no longer ship ``manylinux1`` wheels. Users should upgrade to the latest ``pip`` to ensure this doesn't cause issues downloading wheels on their platform. * ``cryptography`` now incorporates Rust code. Users building ``cryptography`` themselves will need to have the Rust toolchain installed. Users who use an officially produced wheel will not need to make any changes. The minimum supported Rust version is 1.45.0. * ``cryptography`` now has :pep:`484` type hints on nearly all of of its public APIs. Users can begin using them to type check their code with ``mypy``. .. _v3-3-2: 3.3.2 - 2021-02-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE:** Fixed a bug where certain sequences of ``update()`` calls when symmetrically encrypting very large payloads (>2GB) could result in an integer overflow, leading to buffer overflows. *CVE-2020-36242* **Update:** This fix is a workaround for *CVE-2021-23840* in OpenSSL, fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1j. .. _v3-3-1: 3.3.1 - 2020-12-09 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Re-added a legacy symbol causing problems for older ``pyOpenSSL`` users. .. _v3-3: 3.3 - 2020-12-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.5 has been removed due to low usage and maintenance burden. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM` now require 64-bit to 1024-bit (8 byte to 128 byte) initialization vectors. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that will no longer support sizes outside this window. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** When deserializing asymmetric keys we now raise ``ValueError`` rather than ``UnsupportedAlgorithm`` when an unsupported cipher is used. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that will no longer distinguish between error types. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** We no longer allow loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing. * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1i. * Python 2 support is deprecated in ``cryptography``. This is the last release that will support Python 2. * Added the :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey.recover_data_from_signature` function to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey` for recovering the signed data from an RSA signature. .. _v3-2-1: 3.2.1 - 2020-10-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Disable blinding on RSA public keys to address an error with some versions of OpenSSL. .. _v3-2: 3.2 - 2020-10-25 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE:** Attempted to make RSA PKCS#1v1.5 decryption more constant time, to protect against Bleichenbacher vulnerabilities. Due to limitations imposed by our API, we cannot completely mitigate this vulnerability and a future release will contain a new API which is designed to be resilient to these for contexts where it is required. Credit to **Hubert Kario** for reporting the issue. *CVE-2020-25659* * Support for OpenSSL 1.0.2 has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * Added basic support for PKCS7 signing (including SMIME) via :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.PKCS7SignatureBuilder`. .. _v3-1-1: 3.1.1 - 2020-09-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1h. .. _v3-1: 3.1 - 2020-08-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed support for ``idna`` based :term:`U-label` parsing in various X.509 classes. This support was originally deprecated in version 2.1 and moved to an extra in 2.5. * Deprecated OpenSSL 1.0.2 support. OpenSSL 1.0.2 is no longer supported by the OpenSSL project. The next version of ``cryptography`` will drop support for it. * Deprecated support for Python 3.5. This version sees very little use and will be removed in the next release. * ``backend`` arguments to functions are no longer required and the default backend will automatically be selected if no ``backend`` is provided. * Added initial support for parsing certificates from PKCS7 files with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_pem_pkcs7_certificates` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs7.load_der_pkcs7_certificates` . * Calling ``update`` or ``update_into`` on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext` with ``data`` longer than 2\ :sup:`31` bytes no longer raises an ``OverflowError``. This also resolves the same issue in :doc:`/fernet`. .. _v3-0: 3.0 - 2020-07-20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed support for passing an :class:`~cryptography.x509.Extension` instance to :meth:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier`, as per our deprecation policy. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for LibreSSL 2.7.x, 2.8.x, and 2.9.0 has been removed (2.9.1+ is still supported). * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.9, macOS users must upgrade to 10.10 or newer. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** RSA :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.generate_private_key` no longer accepts ``public_exponent`` values except 65537 and 3 (the latter for legacy purposes). * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** X.509 certificate parsing now enforces that the ``version`` field contains a valid value, rather than deferring this check until :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.version` is accessed. * Deprecated support for Python 2. At the time there is no time table for actually dropping support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade their Python, as Python 2 no longer receives support from the Python core team. If you have trouble suppressing this warning in tests view the :ref:`FAQ entry addressing this issue `. * Added support for ``OpenSSH`` serialization format for ``ec``, ``ed25519``, ``rsa`` and ``dsa`` private keys: :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_private_key` for loading and :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.PrivateFormat.OpenSSH` for writing. * Added support for ``OpenSSH`` certificates to :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.encrypt_at_time` and :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.decrypt_at_time` to :class:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet`. * Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectInformationAccess` X.509 extension. * Added support for parsing :class:`~cryptography.x509.SignedCertificateTimestamps` in OCSP responses. * Added support for parsing attributes in certificate signing requests via ``CertificateSigningRequest.get_attribute_for_oid``. * Added support for encoding attributes in certificate signing requests via :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder.add_attribute`. * On OpenSSL 1.1.1d and higher ``cryptography`` now uses OpenSSL's built-in CSPRNG instead of its own OS random engine because these versions of OpenSSL properly reseed on fork. * Added initial support for creating PKCS12 files with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.serialize_key_and_certificates`. .. _v2-9-2: 2.9.2 - 2020-04-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated the macOS wheel to fix an issue where it would not run on macOS versions older than 10.15. .. _v2-9-1: 2.9.1 - 2020-04-21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1g. .. _v2-9: 2.9 - 2020-04-02 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.4 has been removed due to low usage and maintenance burden. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for OpenSSL 1.0.1 has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for LibreSSL 2.6.x has been removed. * Removed support for calling :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey.public_bytes` with no arguments, as per our deprecation policy. You must now pass ``encoding`` and ``format``. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Reversed the order in which :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rfc4514_string` returns the RDNs as required by :rfc:`4514`. * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1f. * Added support for parsing :attr:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse.single_extensions` in an OCSP response. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameAttribute` values can now be empty strings. .. _v2-8: 2.8 - 2019-10-16 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1d. * Added support for Python 3.8. * Added class methods :meth:`Poly1305.generate_tag ` and :meth:`Poly1305.verify_tag ` for Poly1305 sign and verify operations. * Deprecated support for OpenSSL 1.0.1. Support will be removed in ``cryptography`` 2.9. * We now ship ``manylinux2010`` wheels in addition to our ``manylinux1`` wheels. * Added support for ``ed25519`` and ``ed448`` keys in the :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder` and :class:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponseBuilder`. * ``cryptography`` no longer depends on ``asn1crypto``. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.FreshestCRL` is now allowed as a :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` extension. .. _v2-7: 2.7 - 2019-05-30 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** We no longer distribute 32-bit ``manylinux1`` wheels. Continuing to produce them was a maintenance burden. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed the ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.mac.MACContext`` interface. The ``CMAC`` and ``HMAC`` APIs have not changed, but they are no longer registered as ``MACContext`` instances. * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1c. * Removed support for running our tests with ``setup.py test``. Users interested in running our tests can continue to follow the directions in our :doc:`development documentation`. * Add support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305.Poly1305` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. * Support serialization with ``Encoding.OpenSSH`` and ``PublicFormat.OpenSSH`` in :meth:`Ed25519PublicKey.public_bytes ` . * Correctly allow passing a ``SubjectKeyIdentifier`` to :meth:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier` and deprecate passing an ``Extension`` object. The documentation always required ``SubjectKeyIdentifier`` but the implementation previously required an ``Extension``. .. _v2-6-1: 2.6.1 - 2019-02-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Resolved an error in our build infrastructure that broke our Python3 wheels for macOS and Linux. .. _v2-6: 2.6 - 2019-02-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Removed ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.encode_rfc6979_signature`` and ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.decode_rfc6979_signature``, which had been deprecated for nearly 4 years. Use :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.encode_dss_signature` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.decode_dss_signature` instead. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE**: Removed ``cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial``, which had been deprecated for nearly 3 years. Use :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial_number` instead. * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1b. * Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed448` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1b or newer. * Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ed25519` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1b or newer. * :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` can now load ``ed25519`` public keys. * Add support for easily mapping an object identifier to its elliptic curve class via :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.get_curve_for_oid`. * Add support for OpenSSL when compiled with the ``no-engine`` (``OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE``) flag. .. _v2-5: 2.5 - 2019-01-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** :term:`U-label` strings were deprecated in version 2.1, but this version removes the default ``idna`` dependency as well. If you still need this deprecated path please install cryptography with the ``idna`` extra: ``pip install cryptography[idna]``. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The minimum supported PyPy version is now 5.4. * Numerous classes and functions have been updated to allow :term:`bytes-like` types for keying material and passwords, including symmetric algorithms, AEAD ciphers, KDFs, loading asymmetric keys, and one time password classes. * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1a. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA512_224` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA512_256` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_224`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_256`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_384`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHA3_512` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. * Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x448` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHAKE128` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.SHAKE256` when using OpenSSL 1.1.1. * Added initial support for parsing PKCS12 files with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.pkcs12.load_key_and_certificates`. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuingDistributionPoint`. * Added ``rfc4514_string()`` method to :meth:`x509.Name `, :meth:`x509.RelativeDistinguishedName `, and :meth:`x509.NameAttribute ` to format the name or component an :rfc:`4514` Distinguished Name string. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point`, which immediately checks if the point is on the curve and supports compressed points. Deprecated the previous method :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.from_encoded_point`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.ocsp.OCSPResponse.signature_hash_algorithm` to ``OCSPResponse``. * Updated :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519` support to allow additional serialization methods. Calling :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519.X25519PublicKey.public_bytes` with no arguments has been deprecated. * Added support for encoding compressed and uncompressed points via :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes`. Deprecated the previous method ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.encode_point``. .. _v2-4-2: 2.4.2 - 2018-11-21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0j. .. _v2-4-1: 2.4.1 - 2018-11-11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a build breakage in our ``manylinux1`` wheels. .. _v2-4: 2.4 - 2018-11-11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for LibreSSL 2.4.x. * Deprecated OpenSSL 1.0.1 support. OpenSSL 1.0.1 is no longer supported by the OpenSSL project. At this time there is no time table for dropping support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade or install ``cryptography`` from a wheel. * Added initial :doc:`OCSP ` support. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.x509.PrecertPoison`. .. _v2-3-1: 2.3.1 - 2018-08-14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0i. .. _v2-3: 2.3 - 2018-07-18 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE:** :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext.finalize_with_tag` allowed tag truncation by default which can allow tag forgery in some cases. The method now enforces the ``min_tag_length`` provided to the :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` constructor. *CVE-2018-10903* * Added support for Python 3.7. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.Fernet.extract_timestamp` to get the authenticated timestamp of a :doc:`Fernet ` token. * Support for Python 2.7.x without ``hmac.compare_digest`` has been deprecated. We will require Python 2.7.7 or higher (or 2.7.6 on Ubuntu) in the next ``cryptography`` release. * Fixed multiple issues preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against LibreSSL 2.7.x. * Added :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.get_revoked_certificate_by_serial_number` for quick serial number searches in CRLs. * The :class:`~cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName` class now preserves the order of attributes. Duplicate attributes now raise an error instead of silently discarding duplicates. * :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding` now raise :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.InvalidUnwrap` if the wrapped key is an invalid length, instead of ``ValueError``. .. _v2-2-2: 2.2.2 - 2018-03-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0h. .. _v2-2-1: 2.2.1 - 2018-03-20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Reverted a change to ``GeneralNames`` which prohibited having zero elements, due to breakages. * Fixed a bug in :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding` that caused it to raise ``InvalidUnwrap`` when key length modulo 8 was zero. .. _v2-2: 2.2 - 2018-03-19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 2.6 has been dropped. * Resolved a bug in ``HKDF`` that incorrectly constrained output size. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP256R1`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP384R1`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.BrainpoolP512R1` to support inter-operating with systems like German smart meters. * Added token rotation support to :doc:`Fernet ` with :meth:`~cryptography.fernet.MultiFernet.rotate`. * Fixed a memory leak in :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.derive_private_key`. * Added support for AES key wrapping with padding via :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_wrap_with_padding` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding` . * Allow loading DSA keys with 224 bit ``q``. .. _v2-1-4: 2.1.4 - 2017-11-29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added ``X509_up_ref`` for an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. .. _v2-1-3: 2.1.3 - 2017-11-02 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows, macOS, and ``manylinux1`` wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0g. .. _v2-1-2: 2.1.2 - 2017-10-24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Corrected a bug with the ``manylinux1`` wheels where OpenSSL's stack was marked executable. .. _v2-1-1: 2.1.1 - 2017-10-12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed support for install with the system ``pip`` on Ubuntu 16.04. .. _v2-1: 2.1 - 2017-10-11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **FINAL DEPRECATION** Python 2.6 support is deprecated, and will be removed in the next release of ``cryptography``. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** ``Whirlpool``, ``RIPEMD160``, and ``UnsupportedExtension`` have been removed in accordance with our :doc:`/api-stability` policy. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** :attr:`DNSName.value `, :attr:`RFC822Name.value `, and :attr:`UniformResourceIdentifier.value ` will now return an :term:`A-label` string when parsing a certificate containing an internationalized domain name (IDN) or if the caller passed a :term:`U-label` to the constructor. See below for additional deprecations related to this change. * Installing ``cryptography`` now requires ``pip`` 6 or newer. * Deprecated passing :term:`U-label` strings to the :class:`~cryptography.x509.DNSName`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.UniformResourceIdentifier`, and :class:`~cryptography.x509.RFC822Name` constructors. Instead, users should pass values as :term:`A-label` strings with ``idna`` encoding if necessary. This change will not affect anyone who is not processing internationalized domains. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.ChaCha20`. In most cases users should choose :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305` rather than using this unauthenticated form. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.is_signature_valid` to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`. * Support :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2b` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2s` with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac.HMAC`. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.XTS` mode for AES. * Added support for using labels with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.OAEP` when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or greater. * Improved compatibility with NSS when issuing certificates from an issuer that has a subject with non-``UTF8String`` string types. * Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.DeltaCRLIndicator` extension. * Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.TLSFeature` extension. This is commonly used for enabling ``OCSP Must-Staple`` in certificates. * Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.FreshestCRL` extension. .. _v2-0-3: 2.0.3 - 2017-08-03 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed an issue with weak linking symbols when compiling on macOS versions older than 10.12. .. _v2-0-2: 2.0.2 - 2017-07-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Marked all symbols as hidden in the ``manylinux1`` wheel to avoid a bug with symbol resolution in certain scenarios. .. _v2-0-1: 2.0.1 - 2017-07-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a compilation bug affecting OpenBSD. * Altered the ``manylinux1`` wheels to statically link OpenSSL instead of dynamically linking and bundling the shared object. This should resolve crashes seen when using ``uwsgi`` or other binaries that link against OpenSSL independently. * Fixed the stack level for the ``signer`` and ``verifier`` warnings. .. _v2-0: 2.0 - 2017-07-17 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Support for Python 3.3 has been dropped. * We now ship ``manylinux1`` wheels linked against OpenSSL 1.1.0f. These wheels will be automatically used with most Linux distributions if you are running the latest pip. * Deprecated the use of ``signer`` on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey` in favor of ``sign``. * Deprecated the use of ``verifier`` on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey` in favor of ``verify``. * Added support for parsing :class:`~cryptography.x509.certificate_transparency.SignedCertificateTimestamp` objects from X.509 certificate extensions. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.ChaCha20Poly1305`. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESCCM`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM`, a "one shot" API for AES GCM encryption. * Added support for :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/x25519`. * Added support for serializing and deserializing Diffie-Hellman parameters with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_parameters`, :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_parameters`, and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHParameters.parameter_bytes` . * The ``extensions`` attribute on :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`, and :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` now caches the computed ``Extensions`` object. There should be no performance change, just a performance improvement for programs accessing the ``extensions`` attribute multiple times. .. _v1-9: 1.9 - 2017-05-29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Elliptic Curve signature verification no longer returns ``True`` on success. This brings it in line with the interface's documentation, and our intent. The correct way to use :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.verify` has always been to check whether or not :class:`~cryptography.exceptions.InvalidSignature` was raised. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** Dropped support for macOS 10.7 and 10.8. * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** The minimum supported PyPy version is now 5.3. * Python 3.3 support has been deprecated, and will be removed in the next ``cryptography`` release. * Add support for providing ``tag`` during :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` finalization via :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADDecryptionContext.finalize_with_tag`. * Fixed an issue preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against LibreSSL 2.5.x. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.key_size` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.key_size` as convenience methods for determining the bit size of a secret scalar for the curve. * Accessing an unrecognized extension marked critical on an X.509 object will no longer raise an ``UnsupportedExtension`` exception, instead an :class:`~cryptography.x509.UnrecognizedExtension` object will be returned. This behavior was based on a poor reading of the RFC, unknown critical extensions only need to be rejected on certificate verification. * The CommonCrypto backend has been removed. * MultiBackend has been removed. * ``Whirlpool`` and ``RIPEMD160`` have been deprecated. .. _v1-8-2: 1.8.2 - 2017-05-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a compilation bug affecting OpenSSL 1.1.0f. * Updated Windows and macOS wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.1.0f. .. _v1-8-1: 1.8.1 - 2017-03-10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed macOS wheels to properly link against 1.1.0 rather than 1.0.2. .. _v1-8: 1.8 - 2017-03-09 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added support for Python 3.6. * Windows and macOS wheels now link against OpenSSL 1.1.0. * macOS wheels are no longer universal. This change significantly shrinks the size of the wheels. Users on macOS 32-bit Python (if there are any) should migrate to 64-bit or build their own packages. * Changed ASN.1 dependency from ``pyasn1`` to ``asn1crypto`` resulting in a general performance increase when encoding/decoding ASN.1 structures. Also, the ``pyasn1_modules`` test dependency is no longer required. * Added support for :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext.update_into` on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey.private_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPublicKey.public_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPublicKey`. * :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key` now require that ``password`` must be bytes if provided. Previously this was documented but not enforced. * Added support for subgroup order in :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/dh`. .. _v1-7-2: 1.7.2 - 2017-01-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and macOS wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2k. .. _v1-7-1: 1.7.1 - 2016-12-13 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a regression in ``int_from_bytes`` where it failed to accept ``bytearray``. .. _v1-7: 1.7 - 2016-12-12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Support for OpenSSL 1.0.0 has been removed. Users on older version of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * Added support for Diffie-Hellman key exchange using :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dh.DHPrivateKey.exchange`. * The OS random engine for OpenSSL has been rewritten to improve compatibility with embedded Python and other edge cases. More information about this change can be found in the `pull request `_. .. _v1-6: 1.6 - 2016-11-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Deprecated support for OpenSSL 1.0.0. Support will be removed in ``cryptography`` 1.7. * Replaced the Python-based OpenSSL locking callbacks with a C version to fix a potential deadlock that could occur if a garbage collection cycle occurred while inside the lock. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2b` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.BLAKE2s` when using OpenSSL 1.1.0. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.signature_algorithm_oid` support to :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.signature_algorithm_oid` support to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.signature_algorithm_oid` support to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`. * Added support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.scrypt.Scrypt` when using OpenSSL 1.1.0. * Added a workaround to improve compatibility with Python application bundling tools like ``PyInstaller`` and ``cx_freeze``. * Added support for generating a :meth:`~cryptography.x509.random_serial_number`. * Added support for encoding ``IPv4Network`` and ``IPv6Network`` in X.509 certificates for use with :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Name.public_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.DistributionPoint` now accepts :class:`~cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName` for :attr:`~cryptography.x509.DistributionPoint.relative_name`. Deprecated use of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` as :attr:`~cryptography.x509.DistributionPoint.relative_name`. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name` now accepts an iterable of :class:`~cryptography.x509.RelativeDistinguishedName`. RDNs can be accessed via the :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Name.rdns` attribute. When constructed with an iterable of :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameAttribute`, each attribute becomes a single-valued RDN. * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.derive_private_key`. * Added support for signing and verifying RSA, DSA, and ECDSA signatures with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.Prehashed` digests. .. _v1-5-3: 1.5.3 - 2016-11-05 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE**: Fixed a bug where ``HKDF`` would return an empty byte-string if used with a ``length`` less than ``algorithm.digest_size``. Credit to **Markus Döring** for reporting the issue. *CVE-2016-9243* .. _v1-5-2: 1.5.2 - 2016-09-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2j. .. _v1-5-1: 1.5.1 - 2016-09-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2i. * Resolved a ``UserWarning`` when used with cffi 1.8.3. * Fixed a memory leak in name creation with X.509. * Added a workaround for old versions of setuptools. * Fixed an issue preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against OpenSSL 1.0.2i. .. _v1-5: 1.5 - 2016-08-26 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.calculate_max_pss_salt_length`. * Added "one shot" :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey.sign` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey.verify` methods to DSA keys. * Added "one shot" :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.sign` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.verify` methods to ECDSA keys. * Switched back to the older callback model on Python 3.5 in order to mitigate the locking callback problem with OpenSSL <1.1.0. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`, :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder`, and :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificateBuilder` now accept timezone aware ``datetime`` objects as method arguments * ``cryptography`` now supports OpenSSL 1.1.0 as a compilation target. .. _v1-4: 1.4 - 2016-06-04 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Support for OpenSSL 0.9.8 has been removed. Users on older versions of OpenSSL will need to upgrade. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.kbkdf.KBKDFHMAC`. * Added support for ``OpenSSH`` public key serialization. * Added support for SHA-2 in RSA :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.OAEP` when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or greater. * Added "one shot" :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey.sign` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey.verify` methods to RSA keys. * Deprecated the ``serial`` attribute on :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`, in favor of :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.serial_number`. .. _v1-3-4: 1.3.4 - 2016-06-03 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added another OpenSSL function to the bindings to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. .. _v1-3-3: 1.3.3 - 2016-06-02 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added two new OpenSSL functions to the bindings to support an upcoming ``pyOpenSSL`` release. .. _v1-3-2: 1.3.2 - 2016-05-04 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2h. * Fixed an issue preventing ``cryptography`` from compiling against LibreSSL 2.3.x. .. _v1-3-1: 1.3.1 - 2016-03-21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a bug that caused an ``AttributeError`` when using ``mock`` to patch some ``cryptography`` modules. .. _v1-3: 1.3 - 2016-03-18 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added support for padding ANSI X.923 with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.padding.ANSIX923`. * Deprecated support for OpenSSL 0.9.8. Support will be removed in ``cryptography`` 1.4. * Added support for the :class:`~cryptography.x509.PolicyConstraints` X.509 extension including both parsing and generation using :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder` and :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.is_signature_valid` to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`. * Fixed an intermittent ``AssertionError`` when performing an RSA decryption on an invalid ciphertext, ``ValueError`` is now correctly raised in all cases. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier`. .. _v1-2-3: 1.2.3 - 2016-03-01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2g. .. _v1-2-2: 1.2.2 - 2016-01-29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2f. .. _v1-2-1: 1.2.1 - 2016-01-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Reverts a change to an OpenSSL ``EVP_PKEY`` object that caused errors with ``pyOpenSSL``. .. _v1-2: 1.2 - 2016-01-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate` :attr:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificate.extensions` now uses extension classes rather than returning raw values inside the :class:`~cryptography.x509.Extension` :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Extension.value`. The new classes are: * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateIssuer` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CRLReason` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.InvalidityDate` * Deprecated support for OpenSSL 0.9.8 and 1.0.0. At this time there is no time table for actually dropping support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade, as those versions no longer receive support from the OpenSSL project. * The :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate` class now has :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.signature` and :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.tbs_certificate_bytes` attributes. * The :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest` class now has :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.signature` and :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest.tbs_certrequest_bytes` attributes. * The :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` class now has :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.signature` and :attr:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.tbs_certlist_bytes` attributes. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints` are now supported in the :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder` and :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`. * Support serialization of certificate revocation lists using the :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.public_bytes` method of :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList`. * Add support for parsing :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList` :meth:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationList.extensions` in the OpenSSL backend. The following extensions are currently supported: * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityInformationAccess` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CRLNumber` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuerAlternativeName` * Added :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateRevocationListBuilder` and :class:`~cryptography.x509.RevokedCertificateBuilder` to allow creation of CRLs. * Unrecognized non-critical X.509 extensions are now parsed into an :class:`~cryptography.x509.UnrecognizedExtension` object. .. _v1-1-2: 1.1.2 - 2015-12-10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a SIGBUS crash with the OS X wheels caused by redefinition of a method. * Fixed a runtime error ``undefined symbol EC_GFp_nistp224_method`` that occurred with some OpenSSL installations. * Updated Windows and OS X wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2e. .. _v1-1-1: 1.1.1 - 2015-11-19 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed several small bugs related to compiling the OpenSSL bindings with unusual OpenSSL configurations. * Resolved an issue where, depending on the method of installation and which Python interpreter they were using, users on El Capitan (OS X 10.11) may have seen an ``InternalError`` on import. .. _v1-1: 1.1 - 2015-10-28 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added support for Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman with :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.ECDH`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.x963kdf.X963KDF`. * Added support for parsing certificate revocation lists (CRLs) using :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_pem_x509_crl` and :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_der_x509_crl`. * Add support for AES key wrapping with :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_wrap` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.keywrap.aes_key_unwrap`. * Added a ``__hash__`` method to :class:`~cryptography.x509.Name`. * Add support for encoding and decoding elliptic curve points to a byte string form using ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.encode_point`` and :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.from_encoded_point`. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.x509.Extensions.get_extension_for_class`. * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificatePolicies` are now supported in the :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`. * ``countryName`` is now encoded as a ``PrintableString`` when creating subject and issuer distinguished names with the Certificate and CSR builder classes. .. _v1-0-2: 1.0.2 - 2015-09-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE**: The OpenSSL backend prior to 1.0.2 made extensive use of assertions to check response codes where our tests could not trigger a failure. However, when Python is run with ``-O`` these asserts are optimized away. If a user ran Python with this flag and got an invalid response code this could result in undefined behavior or worse. Accordingly, all response checks from the OpenSSL backend have been converted from ``assert`` to a true function call. Credit **Emilia Käsper (Google Security Team)** for the report. .. _v1-0-1: 1.0.1 - 2015-09-05 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * We now ship OS X wheels that statically link OpenSSL by default. When installing a wheel on OS X 10.10+ (and using a Python compiled against the 10.10 SDK) users will no longer need to compile. See :doc:`/installation` for alternate installation methods if required. * Set the default string mask to UTF-8 in the OpenSSL backend to resolve character encoding issues with older versions of OpenSSL. * Several new OpenSSL bindings have been added to support a future pyOpenSSL release. * Raise an error during install on PyPy < 2.6. 1.0+ requires PyPy 2.6+. .. _v1-0: 1.0 - 2015-08-12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Switched to the new `cffi`_ ``set_source`` out-of-line API mode for compilation. This results in significantly faster imports and lowered memory consumption. Due to this change we no longer support PyPy releases older than 2.6 nor do we support any released version of PyPy3 (until a version supporting cffi 1.0 comes out). * Fix parsing of OpenSSH public keys that have spaces in comments. * Support serialization of certificate signing requests using the ``public_bytes`` method of :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`. * Support serialization of certificates using the ``public_bytes`` method of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`. * Add ``get_provisioning_uri`` method to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp.HOTP` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.totp.TOTP` for generating provisioning URIs. * Add :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.concatkdf.ConcatKDFHash` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.concatkdf.ConcatKDFHMAC`. * Raise a ``TypeError`` when passing objects that are not text as the value to :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameAttribute`. * Add support for :class:`~cryptography.x509.OtherName` as a general name type. * Added new X.509 extension support in :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate` The following new extensions are now supported: * :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPNoCheck` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.InhibitAnyPolicy` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuerAlternativeName` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.NameConstraints` * Extension support was added to :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequest`. * Add support for creating signed certificates with :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateBuilder`. This includes support for the following extensions: * :class:`~cryptography.x509.BasicConstraints` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectAlternativeName` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.KeyUsage` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtendedKeyUsage` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityInformationAccess` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CRLDistributionPoints` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.InhibitAnyPolicy` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.IssuerAlternativeName` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.OCSPNoCheck` * Add support for creating certificate signing requests with :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder`. This includes support for the same extensions supported in the ``CertificateBuilder``. * Deprecate ``encode_rfc6979_signature`` and ``decode_rfc6979_signature`` in favor of :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.encode_dss_signature` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils.decode_dss_signature`. .. _v0-9-3: 0.9.3 - 2015-07-09 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2d. .. _v0-9-2: 0.9.2 - 2015-07-04 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2c. .. _v0-9-1: 0.9.1 - 2015-06-06 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **SECURITY ISSUE**: Fixed a double free in the OpenSSL backend when using DSA to verify signatures. Note that this only affects PyPy 2.6.0 and (presently unreleased) CFFI versions greater than 1.1.0. .. _v0-9: 0.9 - 2015-05-13 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Removed support for Python 3.2. This version of Python is rarely used and caused support headaches. Users affected by this should upgrade to 3.3+. * Deprecated support for Python 2.6. At the time there is no time table for actually dropping support, however we strongly encourage all users to upgrade their Python, as Python 2.6 no longer receives support from the Python core team. * Add support for the :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.SECP256K1` elliptic curve. * Fixed compilation when using an OpenSSL which was compiled with the ``no-comp`` (``OPENSSL_NO_COMP``) option. * Support :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.Encoding.DER` serialization of public keys using the ``public_bytes`` method of :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`. * Support :attr:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.Encoding.DER` serialization of private keys using the ``private_bytes`` method of :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`. * Add support for parsing X.509 certificate signing requests (CSRs) with :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_pem_x509_csr` and :func:`~cryptography.x509.load_der_x509_csr`. * Moved ``cryptography.exceptions.InvalidToken`` to :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.InvalidToken` and deprecated the old location. This was moved to minimize confusion between this exception and :class:`cryptography.fernet.InvalidToken`. * Added support for X.509 extensions in :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate` objects. The following extensions are supported as of this release: * :class:`~cryptography.x509.BasicConstraints` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.KeyUsage` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.SubjectAlternativeName` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.ExtendedKeyUsage` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CRLDistributionPoints` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.AuthorityInformationAccess` * :class:`~cryptography.x509.CertificatePolicies` Note that unsupported extensions with the critical flag raise ``UnsupportedExtension`` while unsupported extensions set to non-critical are silently ignored. Read the :doc:`X.509 documentation` for more information. .. _v0-8-2: 0.8.2 - 2015-04-10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed a race condition when initializing the OpenSSL or CommonCrypto backends in a multi-threaded scenario. .. _v0-8-1: 0.8.1 - 2015-03-20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2a. .. _v0-8: 0.8 - 2015-03-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` can now load elliptic curve public keys. * Added :attr:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate.signature_hash_algorithm` support to :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`. * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.rsa_recover_prime_factors` * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.KeyDerivationFunction` was moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf`. * Added support for parsing X.509 names. See the :doc:`X.509 documentation` for more information. * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_private_key` to support loading of DER encoded private keys and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_public_key` to support loading DER encoded public keys. * Fixed building against LibreSSL, a compile-time substitute for OpenSSL. * FreeBSD 9.2 was removed from the continuous integration system. * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.2. * :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_public_key` and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_der_public_key` now support PKCS1 RSA public keys (in addition to the previous support for SubjectPublicKeyInfo format for RSA, EC, and DSA). * Added ``EllipticCurvePrivateKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``EllipticCurvePrivateKeyWithNumbers``. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey.private_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`. * Added ``RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``RSAPrivateKeyWithNumbers``. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey.private_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`. * Added ``DSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``DSAPrivateKeyWithNumbers``. * Added :meth:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey.private_bytes` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`. * Added ``RSAPublicKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``RSAPublicKeyWithNumbers``. * Added ``public_bytes`` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`. * Added ``EllipticCurvePublicKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``EllipticCurvePublicKeyWithNumbers``. * Added ``public_bytes`` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`. * Added ``DSAPublicKeyWithSerialization`` and deprecated ``DSAPublicKeyWithNumbers``. * Added ``public_bytes`` to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashAlgorithm` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes.HashContext` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherContext`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADCipherContext`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.AEADEncryptionContext`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.CipherAlgorithm`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.BlockCipherAlgorithm` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.Mode`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.ModeWithInitializationVector`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.ModeWithNonce`, and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.ModeWithAuthenticationTag` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.padding.PaddingContext` was moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.padding`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.AsymmetricPadding` was moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding`. * ``AsymmetricSignatureContext`` and ``AsymmetricVerificationContext`` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric``. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAParameters`, ``DSAParametersWithNumbers``, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey`, ``DSAPrivateKeyWithNumbers``, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` and ``DSAPublicKeyWithNumbers`` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa` * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurve`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm`, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey`, ``EllipticCurvePrivateKeyWithNumbers``, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey`, and ``EllipticCurvePublicKeyWithNumbers`` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec`. * :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey`, ``RSAPrivateKeyWithNumbers``, :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey` and ``RSAPublicKeyWithNumbers`` were moved from ``cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces`` to :mod:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa`. .. _v0-7-2: 0.7.2 - 2015-01-16 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.1l. * ``enum34`` is no longer installed on Python 3.4, where it is included in the standard library. * Added a new function to the OpenSSL bindings to support additional functionality in pyOpenSSL. .. _v0-7-1: 0.7.1 - 2014-12-28 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fixed an issue preventing compilation on platforms where ``OPENSSL_NO_SSL3`` was defined. .. _v0-7: 0.7 - 2014-12-17 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Cryptography has been relicensed from the Apache Software License, Version 2.0, to being available under *either* the Apache Software License, Version 2.0, or the BSD license. * Added key-rotation support to :doc:`Fernet ` with :class:`~cryptography.fernet.MultiFernet`. * More bit-lengths are now supported for ``p`` and ``q`` when loading DSA keys from numbers. * Added ``MACContext`` as a common interface for CMAC and HMAC and deprecated ``CMACContext``. * Added support for encoding and decoding :rfc:`6979` signatures in :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/utils`. * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_ssh_public_key` to support the loading of OpenSSH public keys (:rfc:`4253`). Only RSA and DSA keys are currently supported. * Added initial support for X.509 certificate parsing. See the :doc:`X.509 documentation` for more information. .. _v0-6-1: 0.6.1 - 2014-10-15 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.1j. * Fixed an issue where OpenSSL 1.0.1j changed the errors returned by some functions. * Added our license file to the ``cryptography-vectors`` package. * Implemented DSA hash truncation support (per FIPS 186-3) in the OpenSSL backend. This works around an issue in 1.0.0, 1.0.0a, and 1.0.0b where truncation was not implemented. .. _v0-6: 0.6 - 2014-09-29 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_private_key` to ease loading private keys, and :func:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.load_pem_public_key` to support loading public keys. * Removed the, deprecated in 0.4, support for the ``salt_length`` argument to the :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.MGF1` constructor. The ``salt_length`` should be passed to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS` instead. * Fix compilation on OS X Yosemite. * Deprecated ``elliptic_curve_private_key_from_numbers`` and ``elliptic_curve_public_key_from_numbers`` in favor of ``load_elliptic_curve_private_numbers`` and ``load_elliptic_curve_public_numbers`` on ``EllipticCurveBackend``. * Added ``EllipticCurvePrivateKeyWithNumbers`` and ``EllipticCurvePublicKeyWithNumbers`` support. * Work around three GCM related bugs in CommonCrypto and OpenSSL. * On the CommonCrypto backend adding AAD but not subsequently calling update would return null tag bytes. * One the CommonCrypto backend a call to update without an empty add AAD call would return null ciphertext bytes. * On the OpenSSL backend with certain versions adding AAD only would give invalid tag bytes. * Support loading EC private keys from PEM. .. _v0-5-4: 0.5.4 - 2014-08-20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added several functions to the OpenSSL bindings to support new functionality in pyOpenSSL. * Fixed a redefined constant causing compilation failure with Solaris 11.2. .. _v0-5-3: 0.5.3 - 2014-08-06 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Updated Windows wheels to be compiled against OpenSSL 1.0.1i. .. _v0-5-2: 0.5.2 - 2014-07-09 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Add ``TraditionalOpenSSLSerializationBackend`` support to ``multibackend``. * Fix compilation error on OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion). .. _v0-5-1: 0.5.1 - 2014-07-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Add ``PKCS8SerializationBackend`` support to ``multibackend``. .. _v0-5: 0.5 - 2014-07-07 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * **BACKWARDS INCOMPATIBLE:** :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.GCM` no longer allows truncation of tags by default. Previous versions of ``cryptography`` allowed tags to be truncated by default, applications wishing to preserve this behavior (not recommended) can pass the ``min_tag_length`` argument. * Windows builds now statically link OpenSSL by default. When installing a wheel on Windows you no longer need to install OpenSSL separately. Windows users can switch between static and dynamic linking with an environment variable. See :doc:`/installation` for more details. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf.HKDFExpand`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CFB8` support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES` and :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.TripleDES` on ``commoncrypto`` and ``openssl``. * Added ``AES`` :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CTR` support to the OpenSSL backend when linked against 0.9.8. * Added ``PKCS8SerializationBackend`` and ``TraditionalOpenSSLSerializationBackend`` support to ``openssl``. * Added :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/asymmetric/ec` and ``EllipticCurveBackend``. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.ECB` support for :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.TripleDES` on ``commoncrypto`` and ``openssl``. * Deprecated the concrete ``RSAPrivateKey`` class in favor of backend specific providers of the :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey` interface. * Deprecated the concrete ``RSAPublicKey`` in favor of backend specific providers of the :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey` interface. * Deprecated the concrete ``DSAPrivateKey`` class in favor of backend specific providers of the :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey` interface. * Deprecated the concrete ``DSAPublicKey`` class in favor of backend specific providers of the :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey` interface. * Deprecated the concrete ``DSAParameters`` class in favor of backend specific providers of the :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAParameters` interface. * Deprecated ``encrypt_rsa``, ``decrypt_rsa``, ``create_rsa_signature_ctx`` and ``create_rsa_verification_ctx`` on ``RSABackend``. * Deprecated ``create_dsa_signature_ctx`` and ``create_dsa_verification_ctx`` on ``DSABackend``. .. _v0-4: 0.4 - 2014-05-03 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Deprecated ``salt_length`` on :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.MGF1` and added it to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`. It will be removed from ``MGF1`` in two releases per our :doc:`/api-stability` policy. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.SEED` support. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac.CMAC`. * Added decryption support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey` and encryption support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`. * Added signature support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPrivateKey` and verification support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.dsa.DSAPublicKey`. .. _v0-3: 0.3 - 2014-03-27 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.hotp.HOTP`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.twofactor.totp.TOTP`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.IDEA` support. * Added signature support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPrivateKey` and verification support to :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa.RSAPublicKey`. * Moved test vectors to the new ``cryptography_vectors`` package. .. _v0-2-2: 0.2.2 - 2014-03-03 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Removed a constant definition that was causing compilation problems with specific versions of OpenSSL. .. _v0-2-1: 0.2.1 - 2014-02-22 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Fix a bug where importing cryptography from multiple paths could cause initialization to fail. .. _v0-2: 0.2 - 2014-02-20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Added ``commoncrypto``. * Added initial ``commoncrypto``. * Removed ``register_cipher_adapter`` method from ``CipherBackend``. * Added support for the OpenSSL backend under Windows. * Improved thread-safety for the OpenSSL backend. * Fixed compilation on systems where OpenSSL's ``ec.h`` header is not available, such as CentOS. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2.PBKDF2HMAC`. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf.HKDF`. * Added ``multibackend``. * Set default random for ``openssl`` to the OS random engine. * Added :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.CAST5` (CAST-128) support. .. _v0-1: 0.1 - 2014-01-08 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Initial release. .. _`as documented here`: https://docs.rs/openssl/latest/openssl/#automatic .. _`main`: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/ .. _`cffi`: https://cffi.readthedocs.io/