netdata/collectors/ebpf.plugin/ebpf_cachestat.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

#include "ebpf.h"
#include "ebpf_cachestat.h"

static ebpf_data_t cachestat_data;
netdata_publish_cachestat_t **cachestat_pid;

static struct bpf_link **probe_links = NULL;
static struct bpf_object *objects = NULL;

static char *cachestat_counter_dimension_name[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END] = { "ratio", "dirty", "hit",
                                                                         "miss" };
static netdata_syscall_stat_t cachestat_counter_aggregated_data[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END];
static netdata_publish_syscall_t cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END];

netdata_cachestat_pid_t *cachestat_vector = NULL;

static netdata_idx_t *cachestat_hash_values = NULL;

static int read_thread_closed = 1;

struct netdata_static_thread cachestat_threads = {"CACHESTAT KERNEL",
                                                  NULL, NULL, 1, NULL,
                                                  NULL,  NULL};

static ebpf_local_maps_t cachestat_maps[] = {{.name = "cstat_pid", .internal_input = ND_EBPF_DEFAULT_PID_SIZE,
                                             .user_input = 0},
                                             {.name = NULL, .internal_input = 0, .user_input = 0}};

static int *map_fd = NULL;

struct config cachestat_config = { .first_section = NULL,
    .last_section = NULL,
    .mutex = NETDATA_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
    .index = { .avl_tree = { .root = NULL, .compar = appconfig_section_compare },
        .rwlock = AVL_LOCK_INITIALIZER } };

/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  FUNCTIONS TO CLOSE THE THREAD
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Clean PID structures
 *
 * Clean the allocated structures.
 */
void clean_cachestat_pid_structures() {
    struct pid_stat *pids = root_of_pids;
    while (pids) {
        freez(cachestat_pid[pids->pid]);

        pids = pids->next;
    }
}

/**
 * Clean up the main thread.
 *
 * @param ptr thread data.
 */
static void ebpf_cachestat_cleanup(void *ptr)
{
    ebpf_module_t *em = (ebpf_module_t *)ptr;
    if (!em->enabled)
        return;

    heartbeat_t hb;
    heartbeat_init(&hb);
    uint32_t tick = 2*USEC_PER_MS;
    while (!read_thread_closed) {
        usec_t dt = heartbeat_next(&hb, tick);
        UNUSED(dt);
    }

    ebpf_cleanup_publish_syscall(cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated);

    freez(cachestat_vector);
    freez(cachestat_hash_values);

    if (probe_links) {
        struct bpf_program *prog;
        size_t i = 0 ;
        bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, objects) {
            bpf_link__destroy(probe_links[i]);
            i++;
        }
        bpf_object__close(objects);
    }
}

/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  COMMON FUNCTIONS
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Update publish
 *
 * Update publish values before to write dimension.
 *
 * @param out  strcuture that will receive data.
 * @param mpa  calls for mark_page_accessed during the last second.
 * @param mbd  calls for mark_buffer_dirty during the last second.
 * @param apcl calls for add_to_page_cache_lru during the last second.
 * @param apd  calls for account_page_dirtied during the last second.
 */
void cachestat_update_publish(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *out, uint64_t mpa, uint64_t mbd,
                              uint64_t apcl, uint64_t apd)
{
    // Adapted algorithm from https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/cachestat.py#L126-L138
    calculated_number total = (calculated_number) (((long long)mpa) - ((long long)mbd));
    if (total < 0)
        total = 0;

    calculated_number misses = (calculated_number) ( ((long long) apcl) - ((long long) apd) );
    if (misses < 0)
        misses = 0;

    // If hits are < 0, then its possible misses are overestimate due to possibly page cache read ahead adding
    // more pages than needed. In this case just assume misses as total and reset hits.
    calculated_number hits = total - misses;
    if (hits < 0 ) {
        misses = total;
        hits = 0;
    }

    calculated_number ratio = (total > 0) ? hits/total : 1;

    out->ratio = (long long )(ratio*100);
    out->hit = (long long)hits;
    out->miss = (long long)misses;
}

/**
 * Save previous values
 *
 * Save values used this time.
 *
 * @param publish
 */
static void save_previous_values(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *publish) {
    publish->prev.mark_page_accessed = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_MARK_PAGE_ACCESSED];
    publish->prev.account_page_dirtied = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_ACCOUNT_PAGE_DIRTIED];
    publish->prev.add_to_page_cache_lru = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_ADD_TO_PAGE_CACHE_LRU];
    publish->prev.mark_buffer_dirty = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_MARK_BUFFER_DIRTY];
}

/**
 * Calculate statistics
 *
 * @param publish the structure where we will store the data.
 */
static void calculate_stats(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *publish) {
    if (!publish->prev.mark_page_accessed) {
        save_previous_values(publish);
        return;
    }

    uint64_t mpa = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_MARK_PAGE_ACCESSED] - publish->prev.mark_page_accessed;
    uint64_t mbd = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_MARK_BUFFER_DIRTY] - publish->prev.mark_buffer_dirty;
    uint64_t apcl = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_ADD_TO_PAGE_CACHE_LRU] - publish->prev.add_to_page_cache_lru;
    uint64_t apd = cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_ACCOUNT_PAGE_DIRTIED] - publish->prev.account_page_dirtied;

    save_previous_values(publish);

    // We are changing the original algorithm to have a smooth ratio.
    cachestat_update_publish(publish, mpa, mbd, apcl, apd);
}


/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  APPS
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Apps Accumulator
 *
 * Sum all values read from kernel and store in the first address.
 *
 * @param out the vector with read values.
 */
static void cachestat_apps_accumulator(netdata_cachestat_pid_t *out)
{
    int i, end = (running_on_kernel >= NETDATA_KERNEL_V4_15) ? ebpf_nprocs : 1;
    netdata_cachestat_pid_t *total = &out[0];
    for (i = 1; i < end; i++) {
        netdata_cachestat_pid_t *w = &out[i];
        total->account_page_dirtied += w->account_page_dirtied;
        total->add_to_page_cache_lru += w->add_to_page_cache_lru;
        total->mark_buffer_dirty += w->mark_buffer_dirty;
        total->mark_page_accessed += w->mark_page_accessed;
    }
}

/**
 * Save Pid values
 *
 * Save the current values inside the structure
 *
 * @param out     vector used to plot charts
 * @param publish vector with values read from hash tables.
 */
static inline void cachestat_save_pid_values(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *out, netdata_cachestat_pid_t *publish)
{
    if (!out->current.mark_page_accessed) {
        memcpy(&out->current, &publish[0], sizeof(netdata_cachestat_pid_t));
        return;
    }

    memcpy(&out->prev, &out->current, sizeof(netdata_cachestat_pid_t));
    memcpy(&out->current, &publish[0], sizeof(netdata_cachestat_pid_t));
}

/**
 * Fill PID
 *
 * Fill PID structures
 *
 * @param current_pid pid that we are collecting data
 * @param out         values read from hash tables;
 */
static void cachestat_fill_pid(uint32_t current_pid, netdata_cachestat_pid_t *publish)
{
    netdata_publish_cachestat_t *curr = cachestat_pid[current_pid];
    if (!curr) {
        curr = callocz(1, sizeof(netdata_publish_cachestat_t));
        cachestat_pid[current_pid] = curr;

        cachestat_save_pid_values(curr, publish);
        return;
    }

    cachestat_save_pid_values(curr, publish);
}

/**
 * Read APPS table
 *
 * Read the apps table and store data inside the structure.
 */
static void read_apps_table()
{
    netdata_cachestat_pid_t *cv = cachestat_vector;
    uint32_t key;
    struct pid_stat *pids = root_of_pids;
    int fd = map_fd[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_PID_STATS];
    size_t length = sizeof(netdata_cachestat_pid_t)*ebpf_nprocs;
    while (pids) {
        key = pids->pid;

        if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(fd, &key, cv)) {
            pids = pids->next;
            continue;
        }

        cachestat_apps_accumulator(cv);

        cachestat_fill_pid(key, cv);

        // We are cleaning to avoid passing data read from one process to other.
        memset(cv, 0, length);

        pids = pids->next;
    }
}

/**
 * Create apps charts
 *
 * Call ebpf_create_chart to create the charts on apps submenu.
 *
 * @param em a pointer to the structure with the default values.
 */
void ebpf_cachestat_create_apps_charts(struct ebpf_module *em, void *ptr)
{
    UNUSED(em);
    struct target *root = ptr;
    ebpf_create_charts_on_apps(NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_RATIO_CHART,
                               "The ratio is calculated dividing the Hit pages per total cache accesses without counting dirties.",
                               EBPF_COMMON_DIMENSION_PERCENTAGE,
                               NETDATA_APPS_CACHESTAT_GROUP,
                               NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_LINE,
                               20090,
                               ebpf_algorithms[NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX],
                               root);

    ebpf_create_charts_on_apps(NETDATA_CACHESTAT_DIRTY_CHART,
                               "Number of pages marked as dirty. When a page is called dirty, this means that the data stored inside the page needs to be written to devices.",
                               EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_PAGE,
                               NETDATA_APPS_CACHESTAT_GROUP,
                               NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_STACKED,
                               20091,
                               ebpf_algorithms[NETDATA_EBPF_INCREMENTAL_IDX],
                               root);

    ebpf_create_charts_on_apps(NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_CHART,
                               "Number of cache access without counting dirty pages and page additions.",
                               EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_HITS,
                               NETDATA_APPS_CACHESTAT_GROUP,
                               NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_STACKED,
                               20092,
                               ebpf_algorithms[NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX],
                               root);

    ebpf_create_charts_on_apps(NETDATA_CACHESTAT_MISSES_CHART,
                               "Page caches added without counting dirty pages",
                               EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_MISSES,
                               NETDATA_APPS_CACHESTAT_GROUP,
                               NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_STACKED,
                               20093,
                               ebpf_algorithms[NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX],
                               root);
}

/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  MAIN LOOP
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Read global counter
 *
 * Read the table with number of calls for all functions
 */
static void read_global_table()
{
    uint32_t idx;
    netdata_idx_t *val = cachestat_hash_values;
    netdata_idx_t stored;
    int fd = map_fd[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_GLOBAL_STATS];

    for (idx = NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_ADD_TO_PAGE_CACHE_LRU; idx < NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END; idx++) {
        if (!bpf_map_lookup_elem(fd, &idx, &stored)) {
            val[idx] = stored;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Socket read hash
 *
 * This is the thread callback.
 * This thread is necessary, because we cannot freeze the whole plugin to read the data on very busy socket.
 *
 * @param ptr It is a NULL value for this thread.
 *
 * @return It always returns NULL.
 */
void *ebpf_cachestat_read_hash(void *ptr)
{
    read_thread_closed = 0;

    heartbeat_t hb;
    heartbeat_init(&hb);

    ebpf_module_t *em = (ebpf_module_t *)ptr;

    usec_t step = NETDATA_LATENCY_CACHESTAT_SLEEP_MS * em->update_time;
    while (!close_ebpf_plugin) {
        usec_t dt = heartbeat_next(&hb, step);
        (void)dt;

        read_global_table();
    }
    read_thread_closed = 1;

    return NULL;
}

/**
 * Send global
 *
 * Send global charts to Netdata
 */
static void cachestat_send_global(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *publish)
{
    calculate_stats(publish);

    netdata_publish_syscall_t *ptr = cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated;
    ebpf_one_dimension_write_charts(
        NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_RATIO_CHART, ptr[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_RATIO].dimension,
        publish->ratio);

    ebpf_one_dimension_write_charts(
        NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_DIRTY_CHART, ptr[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_DIRTY].dimension,
        cachestat_hash_values[NETDATA_KEY_CALLS_MARK_BUFFER_DIRTY]);

    ebpf_one_dimension_write_charts(
        NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_CHART, ptr[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_HIT].dimension, publish->hit);

    ebpf_one_dimension_write_charts(
        NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_MISSES_CHART, ptr[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_MISS].dimension,
        publish->miss);
}

/**
 * Cachestat sum PIDs
 *
 * Sum values for all PIDs associated to a group
 *
 * @param publish  output structure.
 * @param root     structure with listed IPs
 */
void ebpf_cachestat_sum_pids(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *publish, struct pid_on_target *root)
{
    memcpy(&publish->prev, &publish->current,sizeof(publish->current));
    memset(&publish->current, 0, sizeof(publish->current));

    netdata_cachestat_pid_t *dst = &publish->current;
    while (root) {
        int32_t pid = root->pid;
        netdata_publish_cachestat_t *w = cachestat_pid[pid];
        if (w) {
            netdata_cachestat_pid_t *src = &w->current;
            dst->account_page_dirtied += src->account_page_dirtied;
            dst->add_to_page_cache_lru += src->add_to_page_cache_lru;
            dst->mark_buffer_dirty += src->mark_buffer_dirty;
            dst->mark_page_accessed += src->mark_page_accessed;
        }

        root = root->next;
    }
}

/**
 * Send data to Netdata calling auxiliar functions.
 *
 * @param root the target list.
*/
void ebpf_cache_send_apps_data(struct target *root)
{
    struct target *w;
    collected_number value;

    write_begin_chart(NETDATA_APPS_FAMILY, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_RATIO_CHART);
    for (w = root; w; w = w->next) {
        if (unlikely(w->exposed && w->processes)) {
            ebpf_cachestat_sum_pids(&w->cachestat, w->root_pid);
            netdata_cachestat_pid_t *current = &w->cachestat.current;
            netdata_cachestat_pid_t *prev = &w->cachestat.prev;

            uint64_t mpa = current->mark_page_accessed - prev->mark_page_accessed;
            uint64_t mbd = current->mark_buffer_dirty - prev->mark_buffer_dirty;
            w->cachestat.dirty = current->mark_buffer_dirty;
            uint64_t apcl = current->add_to_page_cache_lru - prev->add_to_page_cache_lru;
            uint64_t apd = current->account_page_dirtied - prev->account_page_dirtied;

            cachestat_update_publish(&w->cachestat, mpa, mbd, apcl, apd);
            value = (collected_number) w->cachestat.ratio;
            // Here we are using different approach to have a chart more smooth
            write_chart_dimension(w->name, value);
        }
    }
    write_end_chart();

    write_begin_chart(NETDATA_APPS_FAMILY, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_DIRTY_CHART);
    for (w = root; w; w = w->next) {
        if (unlikely(w->exposed && w->processes)) {
            value = (collected_number) w->cachestat.dirty;
            write_chart_dimension(w->name, value);
        }
    }
    write_end_chart();

    write_begin_chart(NETDATA_APPS_FAMILY, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_CHART);
    for (w = root; w; w = w->next) {
        if (unlikely(w->exposed && w->processes)) {
            value = (collected_number) w->cachestat.hit;
            write_chart_dimension(w->name, value);
        }
    }
    write_end_chart();

    write_begin_chart(NETDATA_APPS_FAMILY, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_MISSES_CHART);
    for (w = root; w; w = w->next) {
        if (unlikely(w->exposed && w->processes)) {
            value = (collected_number) w->cachestat.miss;
            write_chart_dimension(w->name, value);
        }
    }
    write_end_chart();
}

/**
* Main loop for this collector.
*/
static void cachestat_collector(ebpf_module_t *em)
{
    cachestat_threads.thread = mallocz(sizeof(netdata_thread_t));
    cachestat_threads.start_routine = ebpf_cachestat_read_hash;

    map_fd = cachestat_data.map_fd;

    netdata_thread_create(cachestat_threads.thread, cachestat_threads.name, NETDATA_THREAD_OPTION_JOINABLE,
                          ebpf_cachestat_read_hash, em);

    netdata_publish_cachestat_t publish;
    memset(&publish, 0, sizeof(publish));
    int apps = em->apps_charts;
    while (!close_ebpf_plugin) {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&collect_data_mutex);
        pthread_cond_wait(&collect_data_cond_var, &collect_data_mutex);

        if (apps)
            read_apps_table();

        pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);

        cachestat_send_global(&publish);

        if (apps)
            ebpf_cache_send_apps_data(apps_groups_root_target);

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&collect_data_mutex);
    }
}

/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  INITIALIZE THREAD
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Create global charts
 *
 * Call ebpf_create_chart to create the charts for the collector.
 */
static void ebpf_create_memory_charts()
{
    ebpf_create_chart(NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_RATIO_CHART,
                      "Hit is calculating using total cache added without dirties per total added because of red misses.",
                      EBPF_COMMON_DIMENSION_PERCENTAGE, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_SUBMENU,
                      NULL,
                      NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_LINE,
                      21100,
                      ebpf_create_global_dimension,
                      cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated, 1);

    ebpf_create_chart(NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_DIRTY_CHART,
                      "Number of dirty pages added to the page cache.",
                      EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_PAGE, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_SUBMENU,
                      NULL,
                      NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_LINE,
                      21101,
                      ebpf_create_global_dimension,
                      &cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_DIRTY], 1);

    ebpf_create_chart(NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_HIT_CHART,
                      "Hits are function calls that Netdata counts.",
                      EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_HITS, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_SUBMENU,
                      NULL,
                      NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_LINE,
                      21102,
                      ebpf_create_global_dimension,
                      &cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_HIT], 1);

    ebpf_create_chart(NETDATA_EBPF_MEMORY_GROUP, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_MISSES_CHART,
                      "Misses are function calls that Netdata counts.",
                      EBPF_CACHESTAT_DIMENSION_MISSES, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_SUBMENU,
                      NULL,
                      NETDATA_EBPF_CHART_TYPE_LINE,
                      21103,
                      ebpf_create_global_dimension,
                      &cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_IDX_MISS], 1);

    fflush(stdout);
}

/**
 * Allocate vectors used with this thread.
 *
 * We are not testing the return, because callocz does this and shutdown the software
 * case it was not possible to allocate.
 *
 * @param length is the length for the vectors used inside the collector.
 */
static void ebpf_cachestat_allocate_global_vectors(size_t length)
{
    cachestat_pid = callocz((size_t)pid_max, sizeof(netdata_publish_cachestat_t *));
    cachestat_vector = callocz((size_t)ebpf_nprocs, sizeof(netdata_cachestat_pid_t));

    cachestat_hash_values = callocz(length, sizeof(netdata_idx_t));

    memset(cachestat_counter_aggregated_data, 0, length * sizeof(netdata_syscall_stat_t));
    memset(cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated, 0, length * sizeof(netdata_publish_syscall_t));
}

/*****************************************************************
 *
 *  MAIN THREAD
 *
 *****************************************************************/

/**
 * Cachestat thread
 *
 * Thread used to make cachestat thread
 *
 * @param ptr a pointer to `struct ebpf_module`
 *
 * @return It always return NULL
 */
void *ebpf_cachestat_thread(void *ptr)
{
    netdata_thread_cleanup_push(ebpf_cachestat_cleanup, ptr);

    ebpf_module_t *em = (ebpf_module_t *)ptr;
    em->maps = cachestat_maps;
    fill_ebpf_data(&cachestat_data);

    ebpf_update_pid_table(&cachestat_maps[0], em);

    if (!em->enabled)
        goto endcachestat;

    pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
    ebpf_cachestat_allocate_global_vectors(NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END);
    if (ebpf_update_kernel(&cachestat_data)) {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
        goto endcachestat;
    }

    probe_links = ebpf_load_program(ebpf_plugin_dir, em, kernel_string, &objects, cachestat_data.map_fd);
    if (!probe_links) {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
        goto endcachestat;
    }

    int algorithms[NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END] = {
        NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX, NETDATA_EBPF_INCREMENTAL_IDX, NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX, NETDATA_EBPF_ABSOLUTE_IDX
    };

    ebpf_global_labels(cachestat_counter_aggregated_data, cachestat_counter_publish_aggregated,
                       cachestat_counter_dimension_name, cachestat_counter_dimension_name,
                       algorithms, NETDATA_CACHESTAT_END);

    ebpf_create_memory_charts();

    pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);

    cachestat_collector(em);

endcachestat:
    netdata_thread_cleanup_pop(1);
    return NULL;
}