mc.1.in 128 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994995996997998999100010011002100310041005100610071008100910101011101210131014101510161017101810191020102110221023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701071107210731074107510761077107810791080108110821083108410851086108710881089109010911092109310941095109610971098109911001101110211031104110511061107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311541155115611571158115911601161116211631164116511661167116811691170117111721173117411751176117711781179118011811182118311841185118611871188118911901191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245124612471248124912501251125212531254125512561257125812591260126112621263126412651266126712681269127012711272127312741275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317131813191320132113221323132413251326132713281329133013311332133313341335133613371338133913401341134213431344134513461347134813491350135113521353135413551356135713581359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386138713881389139013911392139313941395139613971398139914001401140214031404140514061407140814091410141114121413141414151416141714181419142014211422142314241425142614271428142914301431143214331434143514361437143814391440144114421443144414451446144714481449145014511452145314541455145614571458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470147114721473147414751476147714781479148014811482148314841485148614871488148914901491149214931494149514961497149814991500150115021503150415051506150715081509151015111512151315141515151615171518151915201521152215231524152515261527152815291530153115321533153415351536153715381539154015411542154315441545154615471548154915501551155215531554155515561557155815591560156115621563156415651566156715681569157015711572157315741575157615771578157915801581158215831584158515861587158815891590159115921593159415951596159715981599160016011602160316041605160616071608160916101611161216131614161516161617161816191620162116221623162416251626162716281629163016311632163316341635163616371638163916401641164216431644164516461647164816491650165116521653165416551656165716581659166016611662166316641665166616671668166916701671167216731674167516761677167816791680168116821683168416851686168716881689169016911692169316941695169616971698169917001701170217031704170517061707170817091710171117121713171417151716171717181719172017211722172317241725172617271728172917301731173217331734173517361737173817391740174117421743174417451746174717481749175017511752175317541755175617571758175917601761176217631764176517661767176817691770177117721773177417751776177717781779178017811782178317841785178617871788178917901791179217931794179517961797179817991800180118021803180418051806180718081809181018111812181318141815181618171818181918201821182218231824182518261827182818291830183118321833183418351836183718381839184018411842184318441845184618471848184918501851185218531854185518561857185818591860186118621863186418651866186718681869187018711872187318741875187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938193919401941194219431944194519461947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040204120422043204420452046204720482049205020512052205320542055205620572058205920602061206220632064206520662067206820692070207120722073207420752076207720782079208020812082208320842085208620872088208920902091209220932094209520962097209820992100210121022103210421052106210721082109211021112112211321142115211621172118211921202121212221232124212521262127212821292130213121322133213421352136213721382139214021412142214321442145214621472148214921502151215221532154215521562157215821592160216121622163216421652166216721682169217021712172217321742175217621772178217921802181218221832184218521862187218821892190219121922193219421952196219721982199220022012202220322042205220622072208220922102211221222132214221522162217221822192220222122222223222422252226222722282229223022312232223322342235223622372238223922402241224222432244224522462247224822492250225122522253225422552256225722582259226022612262226322642265226622672268226922702271227222732274227522762277227822792280228122822283228422852286228722882289229022912292229322942295229622972298229923002301230223032304230523062307230823092310231123122313231423152316231723182319232023212322232323242325232623272328232923302331233223332334233523362337233823392340234123422343234423452346234723482349235023512352235323542355235623572358235923602361236223632364236523662367236823692370237123722373237423752376237723782379238023812382238323842385238623872388238923902391239223932394239523962397239823992400240124022403240424052406240724082409241024112412241324142415241624172418241924202421242224232424242524262427242824292430243124322433243424352436243724382439244024412442244324442445244624472448244924502451245224532454245524562457245824592460246124622463246424652466246724682469247024712472247324742475247624772478247924802481248224832484248524862487248824892490249124922493249424952496249724982499250025012502250325042505250625072508250925102511251225132514251525162517251825192520252125222523252425252526252725282529253025312532253325342535253625372538253925402541254225432544254525462547254825492550255125522553255425552556255725582559256025612562256325642565256625672568256925702571257225732574257525762577257825792580258125822583258425852586258725882589259025912592259325942595259625972598259926002601260226032604260526062607260826092610261126122613261426152616261726182619262026212622262326242625262626272628262926302631263226332634263526362637263826392640264126422643264426452646264726482649265026512652265326542655265626572658265926602661266226632664266526662667266826692670267126722673267426752676267726782679268026812682268326842685268626872688268926902691269226932694269526962697269826992700270127022703270427052706270727082709271027112712271327142715271627172718271927202721272227232724272527262727272827292730273127322733273427352736273727382739274027412742274327442745274627472748274927502751275227532754275527562757275827592760276127622763276427652766276727682769277027712772277327742775277627772778277927802781278227832784278527862787278827892790279127922793279427952796279727982799280028012802280328042805280628072808280928102811281228132814281528162817281828192820282128222823282428252826282728282829283028312832283328342835283628372838283928402841284228432844284528462847284828492850285128522853285428552856285728582859286028612862286328642865286628672868286928702871287228732874287528762877287828792880288128822883288428852886288728882889289028912892289328942895289628972898289929002901290229032904290529062907290829092910291129122913291429152916291729182919292029212922292329242925292629272928292929302931293229332934293529362937293829392940294129422943294429452946294729482949295029512952295329542955295629572958295929602961296229632964296529662967296829692970297129722973297429752976297729782979298029812982298329842985298629872988298929902991299229932994299529962997299829993000300130023003300430053006300730083009301030113012301330143015301630173018301930203021302230233024302530263027302830293030303130323033303430353036303730383039304030413042304330443045304630473048304930503051305230533054305530563057305830593060306130623063306430653066306730683069307030713072307330743075307630773078307930803081308230833084308530863087308830893090309130923093309430953096309730983099310031013102310331043105310631073108310931103111311231133114311531163117311831193120312131223123312431253126312731283129313031313132313331343135313631373138313931403141314231433144314531463147314831493150315131523153315431553156315731583159316031613162316331643165316631673168316931703171317231733174317531763177317831793180318131823183318431853186318731883189319031913192319331943195319631973198319932003201320232033204320532063207320832093210321132123213321432153216321732183219322032213222322332243225322632273228322932303231323232333234323532363237323832393240324132423243324432453246324732483249325032513252325332543255325632573258325932603261326232633264326532663267326832693270327132723273327432753276327732783279328032813282328332843285328632873288328932903291329232933294329532963297329832993300330133023303330433053306330733083309331033113312331333143315331633173318331933203321332233233324332533263327332833293330333133323333333433353336333733383339334033413342334333443345334633473348334933503351335233533354335533563357335833593360336133623363336433653366336733683369337033713372337333743375337633773378337933803381338233833384338533863387338833893390339133923393339433953396339733983399340034013402340334043405340634073408340934103411341234133414341534163417341834193420342134223423342434253426342734283429343034313432343334343435343634373438343934403441344234433444344534463447344834493450345134523453345434553456345734583459346034613462346334643465346634673468346934703471347234733474347534763477347834793480348134823483348434853486348734883489349034913492349334943495349634973498349935003501350235033504350535063507350835093510351135123513351435153516351735183519352035213522352335243525352635273528352935303531353235333534353535363537353835393540354135423543354435453546354735483549355035513552355335543555355635573558355935603561356235633564356535663567356835693570357135723573357435753576357735783579358035813582358335843585358635873588358935903591359235933594359535963597359835993600360136023603360436053606360736083609361036113612361336143615361636173618361936203621362236233624362536263627362836293630363136323633363436353636363736383639364036413642364336443645364636473648364936503651365236533654365536563657365836593660366136623663366436653666366736683669367036713672367336743675367636773678367936803681368236833684368536863687368836893690369136923693369436953696369736983699370037013702370337043705370637073708370937103711371237133714371537163717371837193720372137223723372437253726372737283729373037313732373337343735373637373738373937403741374237433744374537463747374837493750375137523753375437553756375737583759376037613762376337643765376637673768376937703771377237733774377537763777377837793780378137823783378437853786378737883789379037913792379337943795379637973798379938003801380238033804380538063807380838093810381138123813381438153816381738183819382038213822382338243825382638273828382938303831383238333834383538363837383838393840384138423843384438453846384738483849385038513852385338543855385638573858385938603861386238633864386538663867386838693870387138723873387438753876387738783879388038813882388338843885388638873888388938903891389238933894389538963897389838993900390139023903390439053906390739083909391039113912391339143915391639173918391939203921392239233924392539263927392839293930393139323933393439353936393739383939394039413942394339443945394639473948394939503951395239533954395539563957395839593960396139623963396439653966396739683969397039713972397339743975397639773978397939803981398239833984398539863987398839893990399139923993399439953996399739983999400040014002400340044005400640074008400940104011401240134014401540164017401840194020402140224023402440254026402740284029403040314032403340344035403640374038403940404041404240434044404540464047404840494050405140524053405440554056405740584059406040614062406340644065406640674068406940704071407240734074407540764077407840794080408140824083408440854086408740884089409040914092409340944095409640974098409941004101410241034104410541064107410841094110411141124113411441154116411741184119412041214122412341244125412641274128412941304131413241334134413541364137413841394140414141424143414441454146414741484149415041514152415341544155415641574158415941604161416241634164416541664167416841694170417141724173417441754176417741784179418041814182418341844185418641874188418941904191419241934194419541964197419841994200420142024203420442054206420742084209421042114212421342144215421642174218421942204221422242234224422542264227422842294230423142324233423442354236423742384239424042414242424342444245424642474248424942504251425242534254425542564257425842594260426142624263426442654266426742684269427042714272427342744275427642774278427942804281428242834284428542864287428842894290429142924293429442954296429742984299430043014302430343044305430643074308430943104311431243134314431543164317431843194320432143224323432443254326432743284329
  1. .\" -*- mode: troff; coding: UTF-8 -*-
  2. .\"TOPICS "Topics:"
  3. .TH MC 1 "%DATE_OF_MAN_PAGE%" "MC Version %MAN_VERSION%" "GNU Midnight Commander"
  4. .\"SKIP_SECTION"
  5. .SH "NAME"
  6. mc \- Visual shell for Unix\-like systems.
  7. .\"SKIP_SECTION"
  8. .SH "SYNOPSIS"
  9. .B mc
  10. [\-abcCdfhPstuUVx] [\-l log] [dir1 [dir2]] [\-e [file] ...] [\-v file]
  11. .\"NODE "DESCRIPTION"
  12. .SH "DESCRIPTION"
  13. GNU Midnight Commander is a directory browser/file manager for
  14. Unix\-like operating systems.
  15. .\"NODE "OPTIONS"
  16. .\"DONT_SPLIT"
  17. .SH "OPTIONS"
  18. .TP
  19. .I \-a, \-\-stickchars
  20. Disable usage of graphic characters for line drawing.
  21. .TP
  22. .I \-b, \-\-nocolor
  23. Force black and white display.
  24. .TP
  25. .I \-c, \-\-color
  26. Force color mode, please check the section
  27. .\"LINK2"
  28. Colors
  29. .\"Colors"
  30. for more information.
  31. .TP
  32. .I \-C arg, \-\-colors=arg
  33. Specify a different color set in the command line. The format of arg is
  34. documented in the
  35. .\"LINK2"
  36. Colors
  37. .\"Colors"
  38. section.
  39. .TP
  40. .I \-\-configure\-options
  41. Display configure options.
  42. .TP
  43. .I \-d, \-\-nomouse
  44. Disable mouse support.
  45. .TP
  46. .I \-e [file], \-\-edit[=file]
  47. Start the internal editor. If the file is specified, open it on
  48. startup. See also
  49. .BR "mcedit (1)" .
  50. .TP
  51. .I \-f, \-\-datadir
  52. Display the compiled\-in search paths for Midnight Commander files.
  53. .TP
  54. .I \-F, \-\-datadir\-info
  55. Display extended info about compiled\-in paths for
  56. Midnight Commander.
  57. .TP
  58. .I \-g, \-\-oldmouse
  59. Force a "normal tracking" mouse mode. Used when running on
  60. xterm\-capable terminals (tmux/screen).
  61. .TP
  62. .I \-k, \-\-resetsoft
  63. Reset softkeys to their default from the termcap/terminfo
  64. database. Only useful on HP terminals when the function keys don't work.
  65. .TP
  66. .I \-K file, \-\-keymap=file
  67. Specify a name of keymap file in the command line.
  68. .TP
  69. .I \-l file, \-\-ftplog=file
  70. Save the ftpfs dialog with the server in file.
  71. .TP
  72. .I \-\-nokeymap
  73. Don't load key bindings from any file, use default hardcoded keys.
  74. .TP
  75. .I \-P file, \-\-printwd=file
  76. Print the last working directory to the specified file. This option is
  77. not meant to be used directly. Instead, it's used from a special shell
  78. script that automatically changes the current directory of the shell to
  79. the last directory Midnight Commander was in. Source the file
  80. .B %pkglibexecdir%/mc.sh
  81. (bash and zsh users) or
  82. .B %libexecdir%/mc.csh
  83. (tcsh users) respectively to define
  84. .B mc
  85. as an alias to the appropriate shell script.
  86. .TP
  87. .I \-s, \-\-slow
  88. Turn on the slow terminal mode, in this mode the program will not draw
  89. expensive line drawing characters and will toggle verbose mode off.
  90. .TP
  91. .I \-S arg, \-\-skin=arg
  92. Specify a name of skin in the command line. Technology of skins is
  93. documented in the
  94. .\"LINK2"
  95. Skins
  96. .\"Skins"
  97. section.
  98. .TP
  99. .I \-t, \-\-termcap
  100. Used only if the code was compiled with S\-Lang and terminfo: it makes
  101. Midnight Commander use the value of the
  102. .B TERMCAP
  103. variable for the terminal information instead of the information on
  104. the system wide terminal database
  105. .TP
  106. .I \-u, \-\-nosubshell
  107. Disable use of the concurrent shell (only makes sense if Midnight
  108. Commander has been built with concurrent shell support).
  109. .TP
  110. .I \-U, \-\-subshell
  111. Enable use of the concurrent shell support (only makes sense if the
  112. Midnight Commander was built with the subshell support set as an
  113. optional feature).
  114. .TP
  115. .I \-v file, \-\-view=file
  116. Start the internal viewer to view the specified file. See also
  117. .BR "mcview (1)" .
  118. .TP
  119. .I \-V, \-\-version
  120. Display the version of the program.
  121. .TP
  122. .I \-x, \-\-xterm
  123. Force xterm mode. Used when running on xterm\-capable terminals (two
  124. screen modes, and able to send mouse escape sequences).
  125. .TP
  126. .I \-X, \-\-no\-x11
  127. Do not use X11 to get the state of modifiers Alt, Ctrl, Shift
  128. .PP
  129. If both paths are specified, the first path name is the directory to show
  130. in the active panel; the second path name is the directory to be shown in
  131. the other panel.
  132. .PP
  133. If one path is specified, the path name is the directory to show
  134. in the active panel; value of "other_dir" from panels.ini is the directory
  135. to be shown in the passive panel.
  136. .PP
  137. If no paths are specified, current directory is shown in the active panel;
  138. value of "other_dir" from panels.ini is the directory to be shown in
  139. the passive panel.
  140. .\"NODE "Overview"
  141. .SH "Overview"
  142. The screen of Midnight Commander is divided into four parts.
  143. Almost all of the screen space is taken up by two directory panels.
  144. By default, the second line from the bottom of the screen is the
  145. shell command line, and the bottom line shows the function key labels.
  146. The topmost line is the
  147. .\"LINK2"
  148. menu bar line\&.
  149. .\"Menu Bar"
  150. The menu bar line may not be visible, but appears if you click the
  151. topmost line with the mouse or press the F9 key.
  152. .PP
  153. Midnight Commander provides a view of two directories at the same
  154. time. One of the panels is the current panel (a selection bar is in
  155. the current panel). Almost all operations take place on the current
  156. panel. Some file operations like Rename and Copy by default use the
  157. directory of the unselected panel as a destination (don't worry, they
  158. always ask you for confirmation first). For more information, see the
  159. sections on the
  160. .\"LINK2"
  161. Directory Panels\&,
  162. .\"Directory Panels"
  163. the
  164. .\"LINK2"
  165. Left and Right Menus
  166. .\"Left and Right Menus"
  167. and the
  168. .\"LINK2"
  169. File Menu\&.
  170. .\"File Menu"
  171. .PP
  172. You can execute system commands from Midnight Commander by simply
  173. typing them. Everything you type will appear on the shell command line,
  174. and when you press Enter, Midnight Commander will execute the
  175. command line you typed; read the
  176. .\"LINK2"
  177. Shell Command Line
  178. .\"Shell Command Line"
  179. and
  180. .\"LINK2"
  181. Input Line Keys
  182. .\"Input Line Keys"
  183. sections to learn more about the command line.
  184. .\"NODE "Mouse Support"
  185. .SH "Mouse Support"
  186. Midnight Commander comes with mouse support. It is activated
  187. whenever you are running on an
  188. .B xterm(1)
  189. terminal (it even works if you take a telnet, ssh or rlogin connection to
  190. another machine from the xterm) or if you are running on a Linux
  191. console and have the
  192. .B gpm
  193. mouse server running.
  194. .PP
  195. When you left click on a file in the directory panels, that file is
  196. selected; if you click with the right button, the file is marked (or
  197. unmarked, depending on the previous state).
  198. .PP
  199. Double\-clicking on a file will try to execute the command if it is
  200. an executable program; and if the
  201. .\"LINK2"
  202. extension file
  203. .\"Edit Extension File"
  204. has a program specified for the file's extension, the specified
  205. program is executed.
  206. .PP
  207. Also, it is possible to execute the commands assigned to the function
  208. key labels by clicking on them.
  209. .PP
  210. The default auto repeat rate for the mouse buttons is 400
  211. milliseconds. This may be changed to other values by editing the
  212. .\"LINK2"
  213. \&~/.config/mc/ini
  214. .\"Save Setup"
  215. file and changing the
  216. .I mouse_repeat_rate
  217. parameter.
  218. .PP
  219. If you are running Midnight Commander with the mouse support, you
  220. can get the default mouse behavior (cutting and pasting text) by holding
  221. down the Shift key.
  222. .SH ""
  223. .\"NODE "Keys"
  224. .SH "Keys"
  225. Some commands in Midnight Commander involve the use of the
  226. .I Control
  227. (sometimes labeled CTRL or CTL) and the
  228. .I Meta
  229. (sometimes labeled ALT or even Compose) keys. In this manual we will
  230. use the following abbreviations:
  231. .TP
  232. .B C\-<chr>
  233. means hold the Control key while typing the character <chr>.
  234. Thus C\-f would be: hold the Control key and type f.
  235. .TP
  236. .B Alt\-<chr>
  237. means hold the Meta or Alt key down while typing <chr>.
  238. If there is no Meta or Alt key, type
  239. .IR Esc ,
  240. release it, then type the character <chr>.
  241. .TP
  242. .B S\-<chr>
  243. means hold the Shift key down while typing <chr>.
  244. .PP
  245. All input lines in Midnight Commander use an approximation to
  246. the GNU Emacs editor's key bindings (default).
  247. .PP
  248. You may redefine key bindings. See
  249. .\"LINK2"
  250. .I redefine hotkey bindings
  251. .\"Keys_redefine"
  252. .PP
  253. for more info. All other key bindings (described in this manual) are relative
  254. to default behavior.
  255. .PP
  256. There are many sections which tell about the keys. The following are
  257. the most important.
  258. .PP
  259. The
  260. .\"LINK2"
  261. File Menu
  262. .\"File Menu"
  263. section documents the keyboard shortcuts for the commands appearing in
  264. the File menu. This section includes the function keys. Most of these
  265. commands perform some action, usually on the selected file or the
  266. tagged files.
  267. .PP
  268. The
  269. .\"LINK2"
  270. Directory Panels
  271. .\"Directory Panels"
  272. section documents the keys which select a file or tag files as a
  273. target for a later action (the action is usually one from the file
  274. menu).
  275. .PP
  276. The
  277. .\"LINK2"
  278. Shell Command Line
  279. .\"Shell Command Line"
  280. section list the keys which are used for entering and editing command
  281. lines. Most of these copy file names and such from the directory
  282. panels to the command line (to avoid excessive typing) or access the
  283. command line history.
  284. .PP
  285. .\"LINK2"
  286. Input Line Keys
  287. .\"Input Line Keys"
  288. are used for editing input lines. This means both the command line and
  289. the input lines in the query dialogs.
  290. .\"NODE " Keys_redefine"
  291. .SH " Redefine hotkey bindings"
  292. Hotkey bindings may be read from external file (keymap\-file).
  293. Initially, Midnight Commander creates key bindings using keymap defined
  294. in the source code. Then, two files
  295. .B %pkgdatadir%/mc.keymap
  296. and
  297. .B %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.keymap
  298. are loaded always, sequentially reassigned key bindings defined earlier.
  299. User\-defined keymap\-file is searched on the following algorithm (to the first one found):
  300. .IP
  301. .br
  302. 1) command line option
  303. .B \-K <keymap>
  304. or
  305. .B \-\-keymap=<keymap>
  306. .br
  307. 2) Environment variable
  308. .B MC_KEYMAP
  309. .br
  310. 3) Parameter
  311. .B keymap
  312. in section
  313. .B [Midnight\-Commander]
  314. of config file.
  315. .br
  316. 4) File
  317. .B ~/.config/mc/mc.keymap
  318. .br
  319. .PP
  320. Command line option, environment variable and parameter in config file may
  321. contain the absolute path to the keymap\-file (with the extension \.keymap
  322. or without it). Search of keymap\-file will occur in (to the first one found):
  323. .IP
  324. .br
  325. 1)
  326. .B ~/.config/mc
  327. .br
  328. 2)
  329. .B %sysconfdir%/mc/
  330. .br
  331. 3)
  332. .B %pkgdatadir%/
  333. .\"NODE " Miscellaneous Keys"
  334. .SH " Miscellaneous Keys"
  335. Here are some keys which don't fall into any of the other categories:
  336. .TP
  337. .B Enter
  338. if there is some text in the command line (the one at the bottom of
  339. the panels), then that command is executed. If there is no text in the
  340. command line then if the selection bar is over a directory the
  341. Midnight Commander does a
  342. .B chdir(2)
  343. to the selected directory and reloads the information on the panel;
  344. if the selection is an executable file then it is executed. Finally,
  345. if the extension of the selected file name matches one of the
  346. extensions in the
  347. .\"LINK2"
  348. extensions file
  349. .\"Edit Extension File"
  350. then the corresponding command is executed.
  351. .TP
  352. .B C\-l
  353. repaint all the information in Midnight Commander.
  354. .TP
  355. .B C\-x c
  356. run the
  357. .\"LINK2"
  358. Chmod
  359. .\"Chmod"
  360. command on a file or on the tagged files.
  361. .TP
  362. .B C\-x o
  363. run the
  364. .\"LINK2"
  365. Chown
  366. .\"Chown"
  367. command on the current file or on the tagged files.
  368. .TP
  369. .B C\-x l
  370. run the hard link command.
  371. .TP
  372. .B C\-x s
  373. run the absolute symbolic link command.
  374. .TP
  375. .B C\-x v
  376. run the relative symbolic link command. See the
  377. .\"LINK2"
  378. File Menu
  379. .\"File Menu"
  380. section for more information about symbolic links.
  381. .TP
  382. .B C\-x i
  383. set the other panel display mode to information.
  384. .TP
  385. .B C\-x q
  386. set the other panel display mode to quick view.
  387. .TP
  388. .B C\-x !
  389. execute the
  390. .\"LINK2"
  391. External panelize
  392. .\"External panelize"
  393. command.
  394. .TP
  395. .B C\-x h
  396. run the
  397. .\"LINK2"
  398. add directory to hotlist
  399. .\"Hotlist"
  400. command.
  401. .TP
  402. .B Alt\-!
  403. executes the Filtered view command, described in the
  404. .\"LINK2"
  405. view command\&.
  406. .\"Internal File Viewer"
  407. .TP
  408. .B Alt\-?
  409. executes the
  410. .\"LINK2"
  411. Find file
  412. .\"Find File"
  413. command.
  414. .TP
  415. .B Alt\-c
  416. pops up the
  417. .\"LINK2"
  418. quick cd
  419. .\"Quick cd"
  420. dialog.
  421. .TP
  422. .B C\-o
  423. when the program is being run in the Linux or FreeBSD console or under
  424. an xterm, it will show you the output of the previous command. When ran
  425. on the Linux console, Midnight Commander uses an external program
  426. (cons.saver) to handle saving and restoring of information on the
  427. screen.
  428. .PP
  429. When the subshell support is compiled in, you can type C\-o at any time
  430. and you will be taken back to Midnight Commander's main screen, to
  431. return to your application just type C\-o. If you have an application
  432. suspended by using this trick, you won't be able to execute other
  433. programs from Midnight Commander until you terminate the suspended
  434. application.
  435. .\"NODE " Directory Panels"
  436. .SH " Directory Panels"
  437. This section lists the keys which operate on the directory panels. If
  438. you want to know how to change the appearance of the panels take a
  439. look at the section on
  440. .\"LINK2"
  441. Left and Right Menus\&.
  442. .\"Left and Right Menus"
  443. .TP
  444. .B Tab, C\-i
  445. change the current panel. The old other panel becomes the new current
  446. panel and the old current panel becomes the new other panel. The
  447. selection bar moves from the old current panel to the new current
  448. panel.
  449. .TP
  450. .B Insert, C\-t
  451. to tag files you may use the Insert key (the kich1 terminfo sequence).
  452. To untag files, just retag a tagged file.
  453. .TP
  454. .B Alt\-e
  455. to change charset of panel you may use Alt\-e (M\-e).
  456. Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
  457. cancel the recoding, select "No translation" in the dialog of encodings.
  458. .TP
  459. .B Alt\-g, Alt\-r, Alt\-j
  460. used to select the top file in a panel, the middle file and the bottom one,
  461. respectively.
  462. .TP
  463. .B Alt\-t
  464. toggle the current display listing to show the next display listing
  465. format.
  466. With this it is possible to quickly switch to brief listing, long
  467. listing, user defined listing format, and back to the default.
  468. .TP
  469. .B C\-\\\\ (control\-backslash)
  470. show the
  471. .\"LINK2"
  472. directory hotlist
  473. .\"Hotlist"
  474. and change to the selected directory.
  475. .TP
  476. .B + \ (plus)
  477. this is used to select (tag) a group of files. Midnight Commander
  478. will prompt for a selection options. When
  479. .I Files only
  480. checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
  481. .I Files only
  482. is off, as files as directories will be selected.
  483. When
  484. .I Shell Patterns
  485. checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
  486. in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
  487. for one character). If
  488. .I Shell Patterns
  489. is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
  490. expressions (see ed (1)). When
  491. .I Case sensitive
  492. checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
  493. If
  494. .I Case sensitive
  495. is off, the case will be ignored.
  496. .TP
  497. .B \\\\ (backslash)
  498. use the "\\" key to unselect a group of files. This is the opposite of
  499. the Plus key.
  500. .TP
  501. .B up\-key, C\-p
  502. move the selection bar to the previous entry in the panel.
  503. .TP
  504. .B down\-key, C\-n
  505. move the selection bar to the next entry in the panel.
  506. .TP
  507. .B home, a1, Alt\-<
  508. move the selection bar to the first entry in the panel.
  509. .TP
  510. .B end, c1, Alt\->
  511. move the selection bar to the last entry in the panel.
  512. .TP
  513. .B next\-page, C\-v
  514. move the selection bar one page down.
  515. .TP
  516. .B prev\-page, Alt\-v
  517. move the selection bar one page up.
  518. .TP
  519. .B Alt\-o
  520. If the currently selected file is a directory, load that directory on
  521. the other panel and moves the selection to the next file. If the
  522. currently selected file is not a directory, load the parent directory
  523. on the other panel and moves the selection to the next file.
  524. .TP
  525. .B Alt\-i
  526. make the current directory of the current panel also the current
  527. directory of the other panel. Put the other panel to the listing mode
  528. if needed. If the current panel is panelized, the other panel doesn't
  529. become panelized.
  530. .TP
  531. .B C\-PageUp, C\-PageDown
  532. only when supported by the terminal: change to ".." and to the currently
  533. selected directory respectively.
  534. .TP
  535. .B Alt\-y
  536. moves to the previous directory in the history, equivalent to clicking
  537. the
  538. .I <
  539. with the mouse.
  540. .TP
  541. .B Alt\-u
  542. moves to the next directory in the history, equivalent to clicking the
  543. .I >
  544. with the mouse.
  545. .TP
  546. .B Alt\-S\-h, Alt\-H
  547. displays the directory history, equivalent to depressing the 'v' with
  548. the mouse.
  549. .\"NODE " Quick search"
  550. .SH " Quick search"
  551. The Quick search mode allows you to perform fast file search in file panel.
  552. Press
  553. .I C\-s
  554. or
  555. .I Alt\-s
  556. to start a filename search in the directory listing.
  557. .P
  558. When the search is active, the user input will be added to the search string
  559. instead of the command line. If the
  560. .I Show mini\-status
  561. option is enabled the search string is shown on the mini\-status
  562. line. When typing, the selection bar will move to the next file
  563. starting with the typed letters. The
  564. .I Backspace
  565. or
  566. .I DEL
  567. keys can be used to correct typing mistakes. If C\-s is pressed
  568. again, the next match is searched for.
  569. .P
  570. If quick search is started with double pressing of C\-s, the previous quick
  571. search pattern will be used for current search.
  572. .P
  573. Besides the filename characters, you can also use wildcard
  574. characters '*' and '?'.
  575. .\"NODE " Shell Command Line"
  576. .SH " Shell Command Line"
  577. This section lists keys which are useful to avoid excessive typing when
  578. entering shell commands.
  579. .TP
  580. .B Alt\-Enter
  581. copy the currently selected file name to the command line.
  582. .TP
  583. .B C\-Enter
  584. same a Alt\-Enter. May not work on remote systems and some terminals.
  585. .TP
  586. .B C\-S\-Enter
  587. copy the full path name of the currently selected file to the command
  588. line. May not work on remote systems and some terminals.
  589. .TP
  590. .B Alt\-Tab
  591. does the filename, command, variable, username and hostname
  592. .\"LINK2"
  593. completion
  594. .\"Completion"
  595. for you.
  596. .TP
  597. .B C\-x t, C\-x C\-t
  598. copy the tagged files (or if there are no tagged files, the selected
  599. file) of the current panel (C\-x t) or of the other panel (C\-x C\-t) to
  600. the command line.
  601. .TP
  602. .B C\-x p, C\-x C\-p
  603. the first key sequence copies the current path name to the command
  604. line, and the second one copies the unselected panel's path name to
  605. the command line.
  606. .TP
  607. .B C\-q
  608. the quote command can be used to insert characters that are otherwise
  609. interpreted by Midnight Commander (like the '+' symbol)
  610. .TP
  611. .B Alt\-p, Alt\-n
  612. use these keys to browse through the command history. Alt\-p takes you
  613. to the last entry, Alt\-n takes you to the next one.
  614. .TP
  615. .B Alt\-h
  616. displays the history for the current input line.
  617. .\"NODE " General Movement Keys"
  618. .SH " General Movement Keys"
  619. The help viewer, the file viewer and the directory tree use common
  620. code to handle moving. Therefore they accept exactly the same
  621. keys. Each of them also accepts some keys of its own.
  622. .PP
  623. Other parts of Midnight Commander use some of the same movement
  624. keys, so this section may be of use for those parts too.
  625. .TP
  626. .B Up, C\-p
  627. moves one line backward.
  628. .TP
  629. .B Down, C\-n
  630. moves one line forward.
  631. .TP
  632. .B Prev Page, Page Up, Alt\-v
  633. moves one page up.
  634. .TP
  635. .B Next Page, Page Down, C\-v
  636. moves one page down.
  637. .TP
  638. .B Home, A1
  639. moves to the beginning.
  640. .TP
  641. .B End, C1
  642. move to the end.
  643. .PP
  644. The help viewer and the file viewer accept the following keys in
  645. addition the to ones mentioned above:
  646. .TP
  647. .B b, C\-b, C\-h, Backspace, Delete
  648. moves one page up.
  649. .TP
  650. .B Space bar
  651. moves one page down.
  652. .TP
  653. .B u, d
  654. moves one half of a page up or down.
  655. .TP
  656. .B g, G
  657. moves to the beginning or to the end.
  658. .\"NODE " Input Line Keys"
  659. .SH " Input Line Keys"
  660. The input lines (they are used for the
  661. .\"LINK2"
  662. command line
  663. .\"Shell Command Line"
  664. and for the query dialogs in the program) accept these keys:
  665. .TP
  666. .B C\-a
  667. puts the cursor at the beginning of line.
  668. .TP
  669. .B C\-e
  670. puts the cursor at the end of the line.
  671. .TP
  672. .B C\-b, move\-left
  673. move the cursor one position left.
  674. .TP
  675. .B C\-f, move\-right
  676. move the cursor one position right.
  677. .TP
  678. .B Alt\-f
  679. moves one word forward.
  680. .TP
  681. .B Alt\-b
  682. moves one word backward.
  683. .TP
  684. .B C\-h, Backspace
  685. delete the previous character.
  686. .TP
  687. .B C\-d, Delete
  688. delete the character in the point (over the cursor).
  689. .TP
  690. .B C\-@
  691. sets the mark for cutting.
  692. .TP
  693. .B C\-w
  694. copies the text between the cursor and the mark to a kill buffer and
  695. removes the text from the input line.
  696. .TP
  697. .B Alt\-w
  698. copies the text between the cursor and the mark to a kill buffer.
  699. .TP
  700. .B C\-y
  701. yanks back the contents of the kill buffer.
  702. .TP
  703. .B C\-k
  704. kills the text from the cursor to the end of the line.
  705. .TP
  706. .B Alt\-p, Alt\-n
  707. Use these keys to browse through the command history. Alt\-p takes you
  708. to the last entry, Alt\-n takes you to the next one.
  709. .TP
  710. .B Alt\-C\-h, Alt\-Backspace
  711. delete one word backward.
  712. .TP
  713. .B Alt\-Tab
  714. does the filename, command, variable, username and hostname
  715. .\"LINK2"
  716. completion
  717. .\"Completion"
  718. for you.
  719. .SH ""
  720. .\"NODE "Menu Bar"
  721. .SH "Menu Bar"
  722. The menu bar pops up when you press F9 or click the mouse on the top
  723. row of the screen. The menu bar has five menus: "Left", "File",
  724. "Command", "Options" and "Right".
  725. .PP
  726. The
  727. .\"LINK2"
  728. Left and Right Menus
  729. .\"Left and Right Menus"
  730. allow you to modify the appearance of the left and right directory
  731. panels.
  732. .PP
  733. The
  734. .\"LINK2"
  735. File Menu
  736. .\"File Menu"
  737. lists the actions you can perform on the currently selected file or
  738. the tagged files.
  739. .PP
  740. The
  741. .\"LINK2"
  742. Command Menu
  743. .\"Command Menu"
  744. lists the actions which are more general and bear no relation to the
  745. currently selected file or the tagged files.
  746. .PP
  747. The
  748. .\"LINK2"
  749. Options Menu
  750. .\"Options Menu"
  751. lists the actions which allow you to customize Midnight Commander.
  752. .\"NODE " Left and Right Menus"
  753. .SH " Left and Right (Above and Below) Menus"
  754. The outlook of the directory panels can be changed from the
  755. .B Left
  756. and
  757. .B Right
  758. menus (they are named
  759. .B Above
  760. and
  761. .B Below
  762. when the horizontal panel split is chosen from the
  763. .\"LINK2"
  764. Layout
  765. .\"Layout"
  766. options dialog).
  767. .\"NODE " Listing Format..."
  768. .SH " Listing Format..."
  769. The listing mode view is used to display a listing of files, there are
  770. four different listing formats available:
  771. .BR Full ,
  772. .BR Brief ,
  773. .B Long
  774. and
  775. .BR User .
  776. The full directory view shows the file name, the size of the file and
  777. the modification time.
  778. .PP
  779. The brief view shows only the file name and it has from 1 up to 9 columns
  780. (therefore showing more files unlike other views). The long view
  781. is similar to the output of
  782. .B "ls \-l"
  783. command. The long view takes the whole screen width.
  784. .PP
  785. If you choose the "User" display format, then you have to specify
  786. the display format.
  787. .PP
  788. The user display format must start with a panel size specifier. This
  789. may be "half" or "full", and they specify a half screen panel and a
  790. full screen panel respectively.
  791. .PP
  792. After the panel size, you may specify how many listings to fit in the
  793. panel, side\-by\-side (in other words: how many times to repeat the
  794. fields horizontally). This defaults to 1. You may change this by adding a
  795. number from 1 to 9 to the format string.
  796. .PP
  797. After this you add the name of the fields with an optional size
  798. specifier. This are the available fields you may display:
  799. .TP
  800. .B name
  801. displays the file name.
  802. .TP
  803. .B size
  804. displays the file size.
  805. .TP
  806. .B bsize
  807. is an alternative form of the
  808. .B size
  809. format. It displays the size of the files and for directories it just
  810. shows SUB\-DIR or UP\-\-DIR.
  811. .TP
  812. .B type
  813. displays a one character wide type field. This character is similar to
  814. what is displayed by ls with the \-F flag \-
  815. .B *
  816. for executable files,
  817. .B /
  818. for directories,
  819. .B @
  820. for links,
  821. .B =
  822. for sockets,
  823. .B \-
  824. for character devices,
  825. .B +
  826. for block devices,
  827. .B |
  828. for pipes,
  829. .B ~
  830. for symbolic links to directories and
  831. .B !
  832. for stale symlinks (links that point nowhere).
  833. .TP
  834. .B mark
  835. an asterisk if the file is tagged, a space if it's not.
  836. .TP
  837. .B mtime
  838. file's last modification time.
  839. .TP
  840. .B atime
  841. file's last access time.
  842. .TP
  843. .B ctime
  844. file's status change time.
  845. .TP
  846. .B perm
  847. a string representing the current permission bits of the file.
  848. .TP
  849. .B mode
  850. an octal value with the current permission bits of the file.
  851. .TP
  852. .B nlink
  853. the number of links to the file.
  854. .TP
  855. .B ngid
  856. the GID (numeric).
  857. .TP
  858. .B nuid
  859. the UID (numeric).
  860. .TP
  861. .B owner
  862. the owner of the file.
  863. .TP
  864. .B group
  865. the group of the file.
  866. .TP
  867. .B inode
  868. the inode of the file.
  869. .PP
  870. Also you can use following keywords to define the panel layout:
  871. .TP
  872. .B space
  873. a space in the display format.
  874. .TP
  875. .B |
  876. add a vertical line to the display format.
  877. .PP
  878. To force one field to a fixed size (a size specifier), you just add
  879. .B :
  880. followed by the number of characters you want the field to have. If the
  881. number is followed by the symbol
  882. .BR + ,
  883. then the size specifies the minimal field size \- if the program finds
  884. out that there is more space on the screen, it will then expand that
  885. field.
  886. .PP
  887. For example, the
  888. .B Full
  889. display corresponds to this format:
  890. .PP
  891. half type name | size | mtime
  892. .PP
  893. And the
  894. .B Long
  895. display corresponds to this format:
  896. .PP
  897. full perm space nlink space owner space group space size space mtime
  898. space name
  899. .PP
  900. This is a nice user display format:
  901. .PP
  902. half name | size:7 | type mode:3
  903. .PP
  904. Panels may also be set to the following modes:
  905. .TP
  906. .B "Info"
  907. The info view display information related to the currently
  908. selected file and if possible information about the current file
  909. system.
  910. .TP
  911. .B "Tree"
  912. The tree view is quite similar to the
  913. .\"LINK2"
  914. directory tree
  915. .\"Directory Tree"
  916. feature. See the section about it for more information.
  917. .TP
  918. .B "Quick View"
  919. In this mode, the panel will switch to a reduced
  920. .\"LINK2"
  921. viewer
  922. .\"Internal File Viewer"
  923. that displays the contents of the currently selected file, if you
  924. select the panel (with the tab key or the mouse), you will have access
  925. to the usual viewer commands.
  926. .\"NODE " Sort Order..."
  927. .SH " Sort Order..."
  928. The eight sort orders are by name, by extension, by modification time,
  929. by access time, and by inode information modification time, by size,
  930. by inode and unsorted. In the Sort order dialog box you can choose
  931. the sort order and you may also specify if you want to sort in reverse
  932. order by checking the reverse box.
  933. .PP
  934. By default directories are sorted before files but this can be changed
  935. from the
  936. .\"LINK2"
  937. Panel options
  938. .\"Panel options"
  939. menu (option
  940. .BR "Mix all files" ).
  941. .\"NODE " Filter..."
  942. .SH " Filter..."
  943. The filter command allows you to specify a shell pattern (for example
  944. .BR "*.tar.gz" )
  945. which the files and directories must match to be shown.
  946. The
  947. .\"LINK2"
  948. input line
  949. .\"Input Line Keys"
  950. allow enter the pattern of file/directory names that will be shown
  951. in the panel.
  952. .PP
  953. When
  954. .I Files only
  955. checkbox is on, only files will be matched to the filter, and all
  956. directories will be shown. Otherwise, as files as directories will
  957. be filtered. When
  958. .I Shell Patterns
  959. checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
  960. in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
  961. for one character). Otherwise, the matching of files/directories is done
  962. with normal regular expressions (see ed(1)). When
  963. .I Case sensitive
  964. checkbox is on, the filtering will be case sensitive characters. Otherwise,
  965. the case will be ignored.
  966. .\"NODE " Reread"
  967. .SH " Reread"
  968. The reread command reload the list of files in the directory. It is
  969. useful if other processes have created or removed files.
  970. .\"NODE " File Menu"
  971. .SH " File Menu"
  972. Midnight Commander uses the F1 \- F10 keys as keyboard shortcuts
  973. for commands appearing in the file menu. The escape sequences for the
  974. function keys are terminfo capabilities kf1 trough kf10. On terminals
  975. without function key support, you can achieve the same functionality by
  976. pressing the Esc key and then a number in the range 1 through 9 and 0
  977. (corresponding to F1 to F9 and F10 respectively).
  978. .PP
  979. The File menu has the following commands (keyboard shortcuts in parentheses):
  980. .PP
  981. .B Help (F1)
  982. .PP
  983. Invokes the built\-in hypertext help viewer. Inside the
  984. .\"LINK2"
  985. help viewer\&,
  986. .\"Contents"
  987. you can use the Tab key to select the next link and the Enter key to
  988. follow that link. The keys Space and Backspace are used to move
  989. forward and backward in a help page. Press F1 again to get the full
  990. list of accepted keys.
  991. .PP
  992. .B Menu (F2)
  993. .PP
  994. Invoke the
  995. .\"LINK2"
  996. user menu\&.
  997. .\"Edit Menu File"
  998. The user menu provides an easy way to provide users with a menu and
  999. add extra features to Midnight Commander.
  1000. .PP
  1001. .B View (F3, F13)
  1002. .PP
  1003. View the currently selected file. By default this invokes the
  1004. .\"LINK2"
  1005. Internal File Viewer
  1006. .\"Internal File Viewer"
  1007. but if the option "Use internal view" is off, it invokes an external
  1008. file viewer specified by the
  1009. .B VIEWER
  1010. environment variable. If
  1011. .B VIEWER
  1012. is undefined, the
  1013. .B PAGER
  1014. environment variable is tried. If
  1015. .B PAGER
  1016. is also undefined, the "view" command is invoked. If you use F13
  1017. instead, the viewer will be invoked without doing any formatting or
  1018. preprocessing to the file.
  1019. .P
  1020. See
  1021. .\"LINK2"
  1022. parameters for external viewer
  1023. .\"Parameters for external editor or viewer"
  1024. for explain how you may specify an extended command line options
  1025. for external viewers.
  1026. .PP
  1027. .B Filtered View (Alt\-!)
  1028. .PP
  1029. This command prompts for a command
  1030. and its arguments (the argument defaults to the currently selected
  1031. file name), the output from such command is shown in the internal file
  1032. viewer.
  1033. .PP
  1034. .B Edit (F4, F14)
  1035. .PP
  1036. Press F4 to edit the highlighted file. Press F14 (usually F14)
  1037. to start the editor with a new, empty file.
  1038. Currently they invoke the
  1039. .B vi
  1040. editor, or the editor specified in the
  1041. .B EDITOR
  1042. environment variable, or the
  1043. .\"LINK2"
  1044. Internal File Editor
  1045. .\"Internal File Editor"
  1046. if the use_internal_edit option is on.
  1047. .P
  1048. See
  1049. .\"LINK2"
  1050. parameters for external editor
  1051. .\"Parameters for external editor or viewer"
  1052. for explain how you may specify an extended command line options
  1053. for external editors.
  1054. .PP
  1055. .B Copy (F5, F15)
  1056. .PP
  1057. Press F5 to pop up an input dialog to copy the currently selected file (or
  1058. the tagged files, if there is at least one file tagged) to the
  1059. directory/filename you specify in the input dialog. The destination
  1060. defaults to the directory in the non\-selected panel. Space for destination
  1061. file may be preallocated relative to preallocate_space configure option.
  1062. During this process, you can press C\-c or Esc to abort the operation.
  1063. For details about source mask (which will be usually either * or ^\\(.*\\)$
  1064. depending on setting of Use shell patterns) and possible wildcards in the
  1065. destination see
  1066. .\"LINK2"
  1067. Mask copy/rename\&.
  1068. .\"Mask Copy/Rename"
  1069. .PP
  1070. F15 (usually F15) is similar, but defaults to the directory in the
  1071. selected panel. It always operates on the selected file, regardless of
  1072. any tagged files.
  1073. .PP
  1074. On some systems, it is possible to do the copy in the background by
  1075. clicking on the background button (or pressing Alt\-b in the dialog
  1076. box). The
  1077. .\"LINK2"
  1078. Background Jobs
  1079. .\"Background jobs"
  1080. is used to control the background process.
  1081. .PP
  1082. .B Link (C\-x l)
  1083. .PP
  1084. Create a hard link to the current file.
  1085. .PP
  1086. .B Absolute symlink (C\-x s)
  1087. .PP
  1088. Create a absolute symbolic link to the current file.
  1089. .PP
  1090. .B Relative symLink (C\-x v)
  1091. .PP
  1092. Create a relative symbolic link to the current file.
  1093. .PP
  1094. To those of you who don't know what links are: creating a link to a file
  1095. is a bit like copying the file, but both the source filename and the destination
  1096. filename represent the same file image. For example, if you edit one of these
  1097. files, all changes you make will appear in both files. Some people call
  1098. links aliases or shortcuts.
  1099. .PP
  1100. A hard link appears as a real file. After making it, there is no way of
  1101. telling which one is the original and which is the link. If you delete
  1102. either one of them the other one is still intact. It is very difficult
  1103. to notice that the files represent the same image. Use hard links when
  1104. you don't even want to know.
  1105. .PP
  1106. A symbolic link is a reference to the name of the original file. If
  1107. the original file is deleted the symbolic link is useless. It is quite
  1108. easy to notice that the files represent the same image. Midnight
  1109. Commander shows an "@"\-sign in front of the file name if it is a
  1110. symbolic link to somewhere (except to directory, where it shows a tilde (~)).
  1111. The original file which the link points to is shown on mini\-status line if the
  1112. .I "Show mini\-status"
  1113. option is enabled. Use symbolic links when you want to avoid the
  1114. confusion that can be caused by hard links.
  1115. .PP
  1116. When you press "C\-x s" Midnight Commander will automatically fill in the
  1117. complete path+filename of the original file and suggest a name for the link.
  1118. You can change either one.
  1119. .PP
  1120. Sometimes you may want to change the absolute path of the original into
  1121. a relative path. An absolute path starts from the root directory:
  1122. .PP
  1123. .I /home/frodo/mc/mc \-> /home/frodo/new/mc
  1124. .PP
  1125. A relative link describes the original file's location starting from the
  1126. location of the link itself:
  1127. .PP
  1128. .I /home/frodo/mc/mc \-> ../new/mc
  1129. .PP
  1130. You can force Midnight Commander to suggest a relative path by pressing
  1131. "C\-x v" instead of "C\-x s".
  1132. .PP
  1133. .B Rename/Move (F6, F16)
  1134. .PP
  1135. Press F6 to pop up an input dialog to copy the currently selected file (or
  1136. the tagged files, if there is at least one file tagged) to the
  1137. directory/filename you specify in the input dialog. The destination
  1138. defaults to the directory in the non\-selected panel. For more details
  1139. look at Copy (F5) operation above, most of the things are quite similar.
  1140. .PP
  1141. F16 (usually F16) is similar, but defaults to the directory in the
  1142. selected panel. It always operates on the selected file, regardless of
  1143. any tagged files.
  1144. .PP
  1145. On some systems, it is possible to do the copy in the background by
  1146. clicking on the background button (or pressing Alt\-b in the dialog
  1147. box). The
  1148. .\"LINK2"
  1149. Background Jobs
  1150. .\"Background jobs"
  1151. is used to control the background process.
  1152. .PP
  1153. .B Mkdir (F7)
  1154. .PP
  1155. Pop up an input dialog and creates the directory specified.
  1156. .PP
  1157. .B Delete (F8)
  1158. .PP
  1159. Delete the currently selected file or the tagged files in the
  1160. currently selected panel. During the process, you can press C\-c or
  1161. Esc to abort the operation.
  1162. .PP
  1163. .B Quick cd (Alt\-c)
  1164. Use the
  1165. .\"LINK2"
  1166. quick cd
  1167. .\"Quick cd"
  1168. command if you have full command line and want to cd somewhere.
  1169. .PP
  1170. .B Select group (+)
  1171. .PP
  1172. This is used to select (tag) a group of files. Midnight Commander
  1173. will prompt for a selection options. When
  1174. .I Files only
  1175. checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
  1176. .I Files only
  1177. is off, as files as directories will be selected.
  1178. When
  1179. .I Shell Patterns
  1180. checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
  1181. in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
  1182. for one character). If
  1183. .I Shell Patterns
  1184. is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
  1185. expressions (see ed (1)). When
  1186. .I Case sensitive
  1187. checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
  1188. If
  1189. .I Case sensitive
  1190. is off, the case will be ignored.
  1191. .PP
  1192. .B Unselect group (\\\\)
  1193. .PP
  1194. Used to unselect a group of files. This is the opposite of the
  1195. .I "Select group"
  1196. command.
  1197. .PP
  1198. .B Quit (F10, S\-F10)
  1199. .PP
  1200. Terminate Midnight Commander. S\-F10 is used when you want to
  1201. quit and you are using the shell wrapper. S\-F10 will not take you
  1202. to the last directory you visited with Midnight Commander, instead
  1203. it will stay at the directory where you started Midnight Commander.
  1204. .\"NODE " Quick cd"
  1205. .SH " Quick cd"
  1206. This command is useful if you have a full command line and want to
  1207. .\"LINK2"
  1208. cd
  1209. .\"The cd internal command"
  1210. somewhere without having to yank and paste the command line. This command
  1211. pops up a small dialog, where you enter everything you would enter after
  1212. .B cd
  1213. on the command line and then you press enter. This features all the things
  1214. that are already in the
  1215. .\"LINK2"
  1216. internal cd command\&.
  1217. .\"The cd internal command"
  1218. .\"NODE " Command Menu"
  1219. .SH " Command Menu"
  1220. The
  1221. .\"LINK2"
  1222. Directory tree
  1223. .\"Directory Tree"
  1224. command shows a tree figure of the directories.
  1225. .PP
  1226. The
  1227. .\"LINK2"
  1228. "Find file"
  1229. .\"Find File"
  1230. command allows you to search for a specific file.
  1231. .PP
  1232. The "Swap panels" command swaps the contents of the two directory panels.
  1233. .PP
  1234. The "Switch panels on/off" command shows the output of the last shell command.
  1235. This works only on xterm and on Linux and FreeBSD console.
  1236. .PP
  1237. The "Compare directories" command compares the directory
  1238. panels with each other. You can then use the Copy (F5) command to make
  1239. the panels identical. There are three compare methods. The quick method
  1240. compares only file size and file date. The thorough method makes a
  1241. full byte\-by\-byte compare. The size\-only
  1242. compare method just compares the file sizes and does not check the
  1243. contents or the date times, it just checks the file size.
  1244. .PP
  1245. The
  1246. .\"LINK2"
  1247. "External panelize"
  1248. .\"External panelize"
  1249. allows you to execute an external program, and make the output of that
  1250. program the contents of the current panel.
  1251. .PP
  1252. The "Command history" command shows a list of typed commands. The
  1253. selected command is copied to the command line. The command history
  1254. can also be accessed by typing Alt\-p or Alt\-n.
  1255. .PP
  1256. The
  1257. .\"LINK2"
  1258. "Directory hotlist"
  1259. .\"Hotlist"
  1260. command makes changing of the current directory to often used directories
  1261. faster.
  1262. .PP
  1263. The
  1264. .\"LINK2"
  1265. "Screen list"
  1266. .\"Screen selector"
  1267. command shows a dialog window with the list of currently running
  1268. internal editors, viewers and other MC modules that support this mode.
  1269. .PP
  1270. The
  1271. .\"LINK2"
  1272. "Edit extension file"
  1273. .\"Edit Extension File"
  1274. command allows you to specify programs to executed when you try to
  1275. execute, view, edit and do a bunch of other thing on files
  1276. with certain extensions (filename endings).
  1277. .PP
  1278. The
  1279. .\"LINK2"
  1280. "Edit Menu File"
  1281. .\"Edit Menu File"
  1282. command may be used for editing the user menu (which appears by
  1283. pressing F2).
  1284. .\"NODE " Directory Tree"
  1285. .SH " Directory Tree"
  1286. The Directory Tree command shows a tree figure of the directories. You
  1287. can select a directory from the figure and Midnight Commander will
  1288. change to that directory.
  1289. .PP
  1290. There are two ways to invoke the tree. The real directory tree command
  1291. is available from Commands menu. The other way is to select tree view
  1292. from the Left or Right menu.
  1293. .PP
  1294. To get rid of long delays, Midnight Commander creates the tree
  1295. figure by scanning only a small subset of all the directories. If the
  1296. directory which you want to see is missing, move to its parent
  1297. directory and press C\-r (or F2).
  1298. .PP
  1299. You can use the following keys:
  1300. .TP
  1301. .\"LINK2"
  1302. General movement keys
  1303. .\"General Movement Keys"
  1304. are accepted.
  1305. .TP
  1306. .B Enter.
  1307. In the directory tree, exits the directory tree and changes to this
  1308. directory in the current panel. In the tree view, changes to this
  1309. directory in the other panel and stays in tree view mode in the
  1310. current panel.
  1311. .TP
  1312. .B C\-r, F2 (Rescan).
  1313. Rescan this directory. Use this when the tree figure is out of date:
  1314. it is missing subdirectories or shows some subdirectories which don't
  1315. exist any more.
  1316. .TP
  1317. .B F3 (Forget).
  1318. Delete this directory from the tree figure. Use this to remove clutter
  1319. from the figure. If you want the directory back to the tree figure
  1320. press F2 in its parent directory.
  1321. .TP
  1322. .B F4 (Static/Dynamic).
  1323. Toggle between the dynamic navigation mode (default) and the static
  1324. navigation mode.
  1325. .PP
  1326. In the static navigation mode you can use the Up and Down keys to
  1327. select a directory. All known directories are shown.
  1328. .PP
  1329. In the dynamic navigation mode you can use the Up and Down keys to
  1330. select a sibling directory, the Left key to move to the parent
  1331. directory, and the Right key to move to a child directory. Only the
  1332. parent, sibling and children directories are shown, others are left
  1333. out. The tree figure changes dynamically as you traverse.
  1334. .TP
  1335. .B F5 (Copy).
  1336. Copy the directory.
  1337. .TP
  1338. .B F6 (RenMov).
  1339. Move the directory.
  1340. .TP
  1341. .B F7 (Mkdir).
  1342. Make a new directory below this directory.
  1343. .TP
  1344. .B F8 (Delete).
  1345. Delete this directory from the file system.
  1346. .TP
  1347. .B C\-s, Alt\-s.
  1348. Search the next directory matching the search string. If there is
  1349. no such directory these keys will move one line down.
  1350. .TP
  1351. .B C\-h, Backspace.
  1352. Delete the last character of the search string.
  1353. .TP
  1354. .B Any other character.
  1355. Add the character to the search string and move to the next directory
  1356. which starts with these characters. In the tree view you must first
  1357. activate the search mode by pressing C\-s. The search string is shown
  1358. in the mini status line.
  1359. .PP
  1360. The following actions are available only in the directory tree. They
  1361. aren't supported in the tree view.
  1362. .TP
  1363. .B F1 (Help).
  1364. Invoke the help viewer and show this section.
  1365. .TP
  1366. .B Esc, F10.
  1367. Exit the directory tree. Do not change the directory.
  1368. .PP
  1369. The mouse is supported. A double\-click behaves like Enter. See
  1370. also the section on
  1371. .\"LINK2"
  1372. mouse support\&.
  1373. .\"Mouse Support"
  1374. .\"NODE " Find File"
  1375. .SH " Find File"
  1376. The Find File feature first asks for the start directory for the
  1377. search and the filename to be searched for. By pressing the Tree
  1378. button you can select the start directory from the
  1379. .\"LINK2"
  1380. directory tree
  1381. .\"Directory Tree"
  1382. figure.
  1383. .PP
  1384. The "File name" input field contains a filename pattern to be searched
  1385. for. It is interpreted as a shell pattern or as a regular expression
  1386. depending on the state of the "Using shell patterns" checkbox. An empty
  1387. value is valid and matches any file name.
  1388. .PP
  1389. The "Content" input field contains a string to search for within the
  1390. files. Leave this field empty to disable searching file contents.
  1391. .PP
  1392. Option "Whole words" allows select only those files containing matches that
  1393. form whole words. Like grep \-w.
  1394. .PP
  1395. You can start the search by pressing the OK button.
  1396. During the search you can stop from the Stop button and continue from
  1397. the Start button.
  1398. .PP
  1399. You can browse the filelist with the up and down arrow keys. The Chdir
  1400. button will change to the directory of the currently selected
  1401. file. The Again button will ask for the parameters for a new
  1402. search. The Quit button quits the search operation. The Panelize
  1403. button will place the found files to the current directory panel so
  1404. that you can do additional operations on them (view, copy, move,
  1405. delete and so on). To return to the normal file listing, change directory
  1406. to "..".
  1407. .PP
  1408. The 'Enable ignore directories' checkbox and input field below it
  1409. allow one to set up the list of directories that should be skip during the search
  1410. files (for example, you may want to avoid searches on a CD\-ROM or on a NFS
  1411. directory that is mounted across a slow link). List components must be separated
  1412. with a colon, here is an example:
  1413. .PP
  1414. .nf
  1415. /cdrom:/nfs/wuarchive:/afs
  1416. .fi
  1417. .PP
  1418. Relative paths are supported also. The following example shows how to skip special
  1419. directories of version control systems:
  1420. .nf
  1421. /cdrom:/nfs/wuarchive:/afs:.svn:.git:CVS
  1422. .fi
  1423. .PP
  1424. Attention: input field can contain a dot (.), this means the current absolute path.
  1425. .PP
  1426. You may consider using the
  1427. .\"LINK2"
  1428. External panelize
  1429. .\"External panelize"
  1430. command for some operations. Find file command is for simple queries
  1431. only, while using External panelize you can do as mysterious searches
  1432. as you would like.
  1433. .\"NODE " External panelize"
  1434. .SH " External panelize"
  1435. The External panelize allows you to execute an external program, and
  1436. make the output of that program the contents of the current panel.
  1437. .PP
  1438. For example, if you want to manipulate in one of the panels all the
  1439. symbolic links in the current directory, you can use external
  1440. panelization to run the following command:
  1441. .PP
  1442. .nf
  1443. find . \-type l \-print
  1444. .fi
  1445. .PP
  1446. Upon command completion, the directory contents of the panel will no
  1447. longer be the directory listing of the current directory, but all the
  1448. files that are symbolic links.
  1449. .PP
  1450. If you want to panelize all of the files that have been downloaded
  1451. from your FTP server, you can use this awk command to extract the file
  1452. name from the transfer log files:
  1453. .PP
  1454. .nf
  1455. awk '$9 ~! /incoming/ { print $9 }' < /var/log/xferlog
  1456. .fi
  1457. .PP
  1458. You may want to save often used panelize commands under a descriptive name,
  1459. so that you can recall them quickly. You do this by typing the command on
  1460. the input line and pressing Add new button. Then you enter a name under
  1461. which you want the command to be saved. Next time, you just choose that
  1462. command from the list and do not have to type it again.
  1463. .\"NODE " Hotlist"
  1464. .SH " Hotlist"
  1465. The Directory hotlist command shows the labels of the directories
  1466. in the directory hotlist. Midnight Commander will change to the
  1467. directory corresponding to the selected label. From the hotlist dialog,
  1468. you can remove already created label/directory pairs and add new ones.
  1469. To add new directories quickly, you can use the Add to hotlist command
  1470. (C\-x h), which adds the current directory into the directory hotlist,
  1471. asking just for the label for the directory.
  1472. .PP
  1473. This makes cd to often used directories faster. You may consider using the
  1474. CDPATH variable as described in
  1475. .\"LINK2"
  1476. internal cd command
  1477. .\"The cd internal command"
  1478. description.
  1479. .\"NODE " Edit Extension File"
  1480. .SH " Edit Extension File"
  1481. This will invoke your editor on the file
  1482. .IR ~/.config/mc/mc.ext.ini .
  1483. If this file does not exist and you are not root, it will be copied from
  1484. .IR %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.ext.ini .
  1485. If you are root, you can choose the file to edit: user's
  1486. .I ~/.config/mc/mc.ext.ini
  1487. or system\-wide
  1488. .IR %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.ext.ini .
  1489. The format of this file is described in detail in it.
  1490. .\"NODE " Background jobs"
  1491. .SH " Background Jobs"
  1492. This lets you control the state of any background Midnight Commander
  1493. process (only copy and move files operations can be done in the
  1494. background). You can stop, restart and kill a background job from
  1495. here.
  1496. .\"NODE " Edit Menu File"
  1497. .SH " Edit Menu File"
  1498. The user menu is a menu of useful actions that can be customized by
  1499. the user. When you access the user menu, the
  1500. file .mc.menu from the current directory is used if it exists,
  1501. but only if it is owned by user or root and is not world\-writable.
  1502. If no such file found, ~/.config/mc/menu is tried in the same way,
  1503. and otherwise mc uses the default system\-wide menu
  1504. %pkgdatadir%/mc.menu.
  1505. .PP
  1506. The format of the menu file is very simple. Lines that start with
  1507. anything but space or tab are considered entries for the menu (in
  1508. order to be able to use it like a hot key, the first character should
  1509. be a letter). All the lines that start with a space or a tab are the
  1510. commands that will be executed when the entry is selected.
  1511. .PP
  1512. When an option is selected all the command lines of the option are
  1513. copied to a temporary file in the temporary directory (usually
  1514. /usr/tmp) and then that file is executed. This allows the user to put
  1515. normal shell constructs in the menus. Also simple macro substitution
  1516. takes place before executing the menu code. For more information, see
  1517. .\"LINK2"
  1518. macro substitution\&.
  1519. .\"Macro Substitution"
  1520. .PP
  1521. Here is a sample mc.menu file:
  1522. .PP
  1523. .nf
  1524. A Dump the currently selected file
  1525. od \-c %f
  1526. B Edit a bug report and send it to root
  1527. I=`mktemp ${MC_TMPDIR:\-/tmp}/mail.XXXXXX` || exit 1
  1528. vi $I
  1529. mail \-s "Midnight Commander bug" root < $I
  1530. rm \-f $I
  1531. M Read mail
  1532. emacs \-f rmail
  1533. N Read Usenet news
  1534. emacs \-f gnus
  1535. H Call the info hypertext browser
  1536. info
  1537. J Copy current directory to other panel recursively
  1538. tar cf \- . | (cd %D && tar xvpf \-)
  1539. K Make a release of the current subdirectory
  1540. echo \-n "Name of distribution file: "
  1541. read tar
  1542. ln \-s %d `dirname %d`/$tar
  1543. cd ..
  1544. tar cvhf ${tar}.tar $tar
  1545. = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
  1546. X Extract the contents of a compressed tar file
  1547. tar xzvf %f
  1548. .fi
  1549. .PP
  1550. .B Default Conditions
  1551. .PP
  1552. Each menu entry may be preceded by a condition. The condition must
  1553. start from the first column with a '=' character. If the condition is
  1554. true, the menu entry will be the default entry.
  1555. .PP
  1556. .nf
  1557. Condition syntax: = <sub\-cond>
  1558. or: = <sub\-cond> | <sub\-cond> ...
  1559. or: = <sub\-cond> & <sub\-cond> ...
  1560. Sub\-condition is one of following:
  1561. y <pattern> syntax of current file matching pattern?
  1562. (for edit menu only)
  1563. f <pattern> current file matching pattern?
  1564. F <pattern> other file matching pattern?
  1565. d <pattern> current directory matching pattern?
  1566. D <pattern> other directory matching pattern?
  1567. t <type> current file of type?
  1568. T <type> other file of type?
  1569. x <filename> is it executable filename?
  1570. ! <sub\-cond> negate the result of sub\-condition
  1571. .fi
  1572. .PP
  1573. Pattern is a normal shell pattern or a regular expression, according
  1574. to the shell patterns option. You can override the global value of
  1575. the shell patterns option by writing "shell_patterns=x" on the first
  1576. line of the menu file (where "x" is either 0 or 1).
  1577. .PP
  1578. Type is one or more of the following characters:
  1579. .PP
  1580. .nf
  1581. n not a directory
  1582. r regular file
  1583. d directory
  1584. l link
  1585. c character device
  1586. b block device
  1587. f FIFO (pipe)
  1588. s socket
  1589. x executable file
  1590. t tagged
  1591. .fi
  1592. .PP
  1593. For example 'rlf' means either regular file, link or fifo. The 't'
  1594. type is a little special because it acts on the panel instead of the
  1595. file. The condition '=t t' is true if there are tagged files in the
  1596. current panel and false if not.
  1597. .PP
  1598. If the condition starts with '=?' instead of '=' a debug trace will be
  1599. shown whenever the value of the condition is calculated.
  1600. .PP
  1601. The conditions are calculated from left to right. This means
  1602. .nf
  1603. = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
  1604. .fi
  1605. is calculated as
  1606. .nf
  1607. ( (f *.tar.gz) | (f *.tgz) ) & (t n)
  1608. .fi
  1609. .PP
  1610. Here is a sample of the use of conditions:
  1611. .PP
  1612. .nf
  1613. = f *.tar.gz | f *.tgz & t n
  1614. L List the contents of a compressed tar\-archive
  1615. gzip \-cd %f | tar xvf \-
  1616. .fi
  1617. .PP
  1618. .B Addition Conditions
  1619. .PP
  1620. If the condition begins with '+' (or '+?') instead of '=' (or '=?') it
  1621. is an addition condition. If the condition is true the menu entry will
  1622. be included in the menu. If the condition is false the menu entry will
  1623. not be included in the menu.
  1624. .PP
  1625. You can combine default and addition conditions by starting condition
  1626. with '+=' or '=+' (or '+=?' or '=+?' if you want debug trace). If you
  1627. want to use two different conditions, one for adding and another for
  1628. defaulting, you can precede a menu entry with two condition lines, one
  1629. starting with '+' and another starting with '='.
  1630. .PP
  1631. Comments are started with '#'. The additional comment lines must start
  1632. with '#', space or tab.
  1633. .\"NODE " Options Menu"
  1634. .SH " Options Menu"
  1635. Midnight Commander has some options that may be toggled on and
  1636. off in several dialogs which are accessible from this menu. Options
  1637. are enabled if they have an asterisk or "x" in front of them.
  1638. .PP
  1639. The
  1640. .\"LINK2"
  1641. Configuration
  1642. .\"Configuration"
  1643. command pops up a dialog from which you can change most of settings of
  1644. Midnight Commander.
  1645. .PP
  1646. The
  1647. .\"LINK2"
  1648. Layout
  1649. .\"Layout"
  1650. command pops up a dialog from which you specify a bunch of options how mc
  1651. looks like on the screen.
  1652. .PP
  1653. The
  1654. .\"LINK2"
  1655. Panel options
  1656. .\"Panel options"
  1657. command pops up a dialog from which you specify options of file manager panels.
  1658. .PP
  1659. The
  1660. .\"LINK2"
  1661. Confirmation
  1662. .\"Confirmation"
  1663. command pops up a dialog from which you specify which actions you want to
  1664. confirm.
  1665. .PP
  1666. The
  1667. .\"LINK2"
  1668. Appearance
  1669. .\"Appearance"
  1670. command pops up a dialog from which you specify the skin.
  1671. .PP
  1672. The
  1673. .\"LINK2"
  1674. Display bits
  1675. .\"Display bits"
  1676. command pops up a dialog from which you may select which characters is your
  1677. terminal able to display.
  1678. .PP
  1679. The
  1680. .\"LINK2"
  1681. Learn keys
  1682. .\"Learn keys"
  1683. command pops up a dialog from which you test some keys which are not working
  1684. on some terminals and you may fix them.
  1685. .PP
  1686. The
  1687. .\"LINK2"
  1688. Virtual FS
  1689. .\"Virtual FS"
  1690. command pops up a dialog from which you specify some VFS related options.
  1691. .PP
  1692. The
  1693. .\"LINK2"
  1694. Save setup
  1695. .\"Save Setup"
  1696. command saves the current settings of the Left, Right and Options
  1697. menus. A small number of other settings is saved, too.
  1698. .\"NODE " Configuration"
  1699. .SH " Configuration"
  1700. The options in this dialog are divided into several groups: "File
  1701. operation options", "Esc key mode", "Pause after run" and "Other options".
  1702. .PP
  1703. .B File operation options
  1704. .PP
  1705. .I Verbose operation.
  1706. This toggles whether the file Copy, Rename and Delete operations are
  1707. verbose (i.e., display a dialog box for each operation). If you have a
  1708. slow terminal, you may wish to disable the verbose operation. It is
  1709. automatically turned off if the speed of your terminal is less than
  1710. 9600 bps.
  1711. .PP
  1712. .I Compute totals.
  1713. If this option is enabled, Midnight Commander computes total byte
  1714. sizes and total number of files prior to any Copy, Rename and Delete
  1715. operations. This will provide you with a more accurate progress bar
  1716. at the expense of some speed. This option has no effect, if
  1717. .I Verbose operation
  1718. is disabled.
  1719. .PP
  1720. .I Classic progressbar.
  1721. If this option is enabled, the progressbar of Copy/Move/Delete operations
  1722. is always grown form left to right. If disabled, the growing direction
  1723. of progressbar follows to direction of Copy/Move/Delete operation:
  1724. from left panel to right one and vice versa. Enabled by default.
  1725. .PP
  1726. .I Mkdir autoname.
  1727. When you press F7 to create a new directory, the input line in popup dialog
  1728. will be filled by name of current file or directory in active panel.
  1729. Disabled by default.
  1730. .PP
  1731. .I Preallocate space.
  1732. Preallocate space for whole target file, if possible, before copy operation.
  1733. Disabled by default.
  1734. .PP
  1735. .B Esc key mode.
  1736. .PP
  1737. By default, Midnight Commander treats the Esc key as a key prefix.
  1738. Therefore, you should press Esc code twice to exit a dialog. But there is
  1739. a possibility to use a single press of Esc key for that action.
  1740. .PP
  1741. .I Single press.
  1742. By default this option is disabled. If you'll enable it, the Esc key
  1743. will act as a prefix key for set up time interval (see
  1744. .I Timeout
  1745. option below), and if no extra keys have arrived, then the Esc key
  1746. is interpreted as a cancel key (Esc Esc).
  1747. .PP
  1748. .I Timeout.
  1749. This options is used to setup the time interval (in microseconds)
  1750. for single press of Esc key. By default, this interval is one second
  1751. (1000000 microseconds). Also the timeout can be set via KEYBOARD_KEY_TIMEOUT_US
  1752. environment variable (also in microseconds), which has higher priority
  1753. than Timeout option value.
  1754. .PP
  1755. .B Pause after run
  1756. .PP
  1757. After executing your commands, Midnight Commander can pause, so
  1758. that you can examine the output of the command. There are three
  1759. possible settings for this variable:
  1760. .PP
  1761. .I Never.
  1762. Means that you do not want to see the output of your command. If you
  1763. are using the Linux or FreeBSD console or an xterm, you will be able to
  1764. see the output of the command by typing C\-o.
  1765. .PP
  1766. .I On dumb terminals.
  1767. You will get the pause message on terminals that are not capable of
  1768. showing the output of the last command executed (any terminal that is
  1769. not an xterm or the Linux console).
  1770. .PP
  1771. .I Always.
  1772. The program will pause after executing all of your commands.
  1773. .PP
  1774. .B Other options
  1775. .PP
  1776. .I Use internal editor.
  1777. If this option is enabled, the built\-in file editor is used to edit
  1778. files. If the option is disabled, the editor specified in the
  1779. .B EDITOR
  1780. environment variable is used.
  1781. If no editor is specified,
  1782. .B vi
  1783. is used. See the section on the
  1784. .\"LINK2"
  1785. internal file editor\&.
  1786. .\"Internal File Editor"
  1787. .PP
  1788. .I Use internal viewer.
  1789. If this option is enabled, the built\-in file viewer is used to view
  1790. files. If the option is disabled, the pager specified in the
  1791. .B PAGER
  1792. environment variable is used.
  1793. If no pager is specified, the
  1794. .B view
  1795. command is used. See the section on the
  1796. .\"LINK2"
  1797. internal file viewer\&.
  1798. .\"Internal File Viewer"
  1799. .PP
  1800. .I Ask new file name.
  1801. If this option is enabled, file name is asked before open new file in editor.
  1802. .PP
  1803. .I Auto menus.
  1804. If this option is enabled, the user menu will be invoked at startup.
  1805. Useful for building menus for non\-unixers.
  1806. .PP
  1807. .I Drop down menus.
  1808. When this option is enabled, the pull down menus will be activated as
  1809. soon as you press the F9 key. Otherwise, you will only get the menu title,
  1810. and you will have to activate the menu either with the arrow keys or with
  1811. the hotkeys. It is recommended if you are using hotkeys.
  1812. .PP
  1813. .I Shell Patterns.
  1814. By default the Select, Unselect and Filter commands will use shell\-like
  1815. regular expressions. The following conversions are performed to achieve
  1816. this: the '*' is replaced by '.*' (zero or more characters); the '?'
  1817. is replaced by '.' (exactly one character) and '.' by the literal
  1818. dot. If the option is disabled, then the regular expressions are the
  1819. ones described in ed(1).
  1820. .PP
  1821. .I Complete: show all.
  1822. By default, Midnight Commander pops up all possible
  1823. .\"LINK2"
  1824. completions
  1825. .\"Completion"
  1826. if the completion is ambiguous only when you press
  1827. .B Alt\-Tab
  1828. for the second time. For the first time, it just completes as much as
  1829. possible and beeps in the case of ambiguity. Enable this option if you
  1830. want to see all possible completions even after pressing
  1831. .B Alt\-Tab
  1832. the first time.
  1833. .PP
  1834. .I Rotating dash.
  1835. If this option is enabled, the
  1836. Midnight Commander shows a rotating dash in the upper right corner
  1837. as a work in progress indicator.
  1838. .PP
  1839. .I Cd follows links.
  1840. This option, if set, causes Midnight Commander to follow the
  1841. logical chain of directories when changing current directory
  1842. either in the panels, or using the cd command. This is the default
  1843. behavior of bash. When unset, Midnight Commander follows the
  1844. real directory structure, so cd .. if you've entered that directory
  1845. through a link will move you to the current directory's real parent
  1846. and not to the directory where the link was present.
  1847. .PP
  1848. .I Safe delete.
  1849. If this option is enabled, deleting files and directory hotlist entries
  1850. unintentionally becomes more difficult. The default selection in the
  1851. confirmation dialogs for deletion changes from
  1852. .B Yes
  1853. to
  1854. .BR No .
  1855. This option is disabled by default.
  1856. .PP
  1857. .I Safe overwrite.
  1858. If this option is enabled, overwriting files unintentionally becomes
  1859. more difficult. The default selection in the overwrite confirmation dialog
  1860. changes from
  1861. .B Yes
  1862. to
  1863. .BR No .
  1864. This option is disabled by default.
  1865. .PP
  1866. .I Auto save setup.
  1867. If this option is enabled, when you exit Midnight Commander, the
  1868. configurable options of Midnight Commander are saved in the
  1869. ~/.config/mc/ini file.
  1870. .\"NODE " Layout"
  1871. .SH " Layout"
  1872. The layout dialog gives you a possibility to change the general layout
  1873. of screen. The options in this dialog are divided into several groups:
  1874. "Panel split", "Console output" and "Other options".
  1875. .PP
  1876. .B Panel split
  1877. .PP
  1878. The rest of the screen area is used for the two directory panels. You
  1879. can specify whether the area is split to the panels in
  1880. .I Vertical
  1881. or
  1882. .I Horizontal
  1883. direction. Panel layout can be changed using Alt\-, (Alt\-comma) shortcut.
  1884. .PP
  1885. .I Equal split.
  1886. By default, panels have equal sizes. Using this option you can specify
  1887. an unequal split.
  1888. .PP
  1889. .B Console output
  1890. .PP
  1891. On the Linux or FreeBSD console you can specify how many lines are shown
  1892. in the output window. This option is available if Midnight Commander runs
  1893. on native console only.
  1894. .PP
  1895. .B Other options
  1896. .PP
  1897. .I Menu bar visible.
  1898. If enabled, main menu of Midnight Commander is always visible on the top row
  1899. of screen above panels. Enabled by default.
  1900. .PP
  1901. .I Command prompt.
  1902. If enabled, command line is available. Enabled by default.
  1903. .PP
  1904. .I Keybar visible.
  1905. If enabled, 10 labels associated with F1\-F10 keys are located at the bottom
  1906. row of screen. Enabled by default.
  1907. .PP
  1908. .I Hintbar visible.
  1909. If enabled, the one\-line hints are visible below panels. Enabled by default.
  1910. .PP
  1911. .I XTerm window title.
  1912. When run in a terminal emulator for X11, Midnight Commander sets the
  1913. terminal window title to the current working directory and updates it
  1914. when necessary. If your terminal emulator is broken and you see some
  1915. incorrect output on startup and directory change, turn off this option.
  1916. Enabled by default.
  1917. .PP
  1918. .I Show free space.
  1919. If enabled, free space and total space of current file system is shown
  1920. at the bottom frame of panel. Enabled by default.
  1921. .\"NODE " Panel options"
  1922. .SH " Panel options"
  1923. .B Main panel options
  1924. .PP
  1925. .I Show mini\-status.
  1926. If enabled, one line of status information about the currently selected item
  1927. is shown at the bottom of the panels. Enabled by default.
  1928. .PP
  1929. .I Use SI size units.
  1930. If this option is enabled, Midnight Commander will use SI prefixes (base 10)
  1931. when displaying any byte sizes. If disabled (default), Midnight Commander will
  1932. use IEC prefixes (base 2).
  1933. .PP
  1934. .I Mix all files.
  1935. If this option is enabled, all files and directories are shown mixed
  1936. together. If the option is disabled (default), directories (and links to
  1937. directories) are shown at the beginning of the listing, and other files below.
  1938. .PP
  1939. .I Show backup files.
  1940. If enabled, Midnight Commander will show files ending with a tilde.
  1941. Otherwise, they won't be shown (like GNU's ls option \-B). Enabled by default.
  1942. .PP
  1943. .I Show hidden files.
  1944. If enabled, Midnight Commander will show all files that start with
  1945. a dot (like ls \-a). Disabled by default.
  1946. .PP
  1947. .I Fast directory reload.
  1948. If this option is enabled, Midnight Commander will use a trick to
  1949. determine if the directory contents have changed. The trick is to reload
  1950. the directory only if the i\-node of the directory has changed; this means
  1951. that reloads only happen when files are created or deleted. If what
  1952. changes is the i\-node for a file in the directory (file size changes,
  1953. mode or owner changes, etc) the display is not updated. In these cases,
  1954. if you have the option on, you have to rescan the directory manually
  1955. (with C\-r). Disabled by default.
  1956. .PP
  1957. .I Mark moves down.
  1958. If enabled, the selection bar will move down when you mark a file (with
  1959. Insert key). Enabled by default.
  1960. .PP
  1961. .I Reverse files only.
  1962. Allow revert selection of files only. Enabled by default.
  1963. If enabled, the reverse selection is applied to files only, not to directories.
  1964. The selection of directories is untouched. If off, the reverse selection
  1965. is applied to files as well to directories: all unselected items become
  1966. selected, and vice versa.
  1967. .PP
  1968. .I Simple swap.
  1969. If both panels contain file listing, simple swap means that panels exchange
  1970. its screen positions: left panel become right one, and vice versa. If this
  1971. option is unchecked, file listing panels exchange its content keeping listing
  1972. format and sort options. Unchecked by default.
  1973. .PP
  1974. .I Auto save panels setup.
  1975. If this option is enabled, when you exit Midnight Commander, the
  1976. current settings of panels are saved in the ~/.config/mc/panels.ini file.
  1977. Disabled by default.
  1978. .PP
  1979. .B Navigation
  1980. .PP
  1981. .I Lynx\-like motion.
  1982. If this option is enabled, you may use the arrows keys to automatically
  1983. chdir if the current selection is a subdirectory and the shell command
  1984. line is empty. By default, this setting is off.
  1985. .PP
  1986. .I Page scrolling.
  1987. If set (the default), panel will scroll by half the display when the
  1988. cursor reaches the end or the beginning of the panel, otherwise it
  1989. will just scroll a file at a time.
  1990. .PP
  1991. .I Center scrolling.
  1992. If set, panel will scroll when the cursor reaches the middle of the
  1993. panel column, only hitting the top or bottom of the panel when actually on
  1994. the first or last file. This behavior applies when scrolling one file
  1995. at a time, and does not apply to the page up/down keys.
  1996. .PP
  1997. .I Mouse page scrolling.
  1998. Controls whenever scrolling with the mouse wheel is done by pages or
  1999. line by line on the panels.
  2000. .PP
  2001. .B File highlight
  2002. .PP
  2003. You can specify whether
  2004. .I permissions
  2005. and
  2006. .I file types
  2007. should be highlighted with distinctive
  2008. .\"LINK2"
  2009. Colors\&.
  2010. .\"Colors"
  2011. If the permission highlighting is enabled, the parts of the
  2012. .I perm
  2013. and
  2014. .I mode
  2015. .\"LINK2"
  2016. display fields
  2017. .\"Listing Format..."
  2018. which apply to the user running Midnight Commander are highlighted with
  2019. the color defined by the
  2020. .I selected
  2021. keyword. If the file type highlighting is enabled, file names are colored
  2022. according to rules described in
  2023. %sysconfdir%/mc/filehighlight.ini
  2024. file. See
  2025. .\"LINK2"
  2026. Filenames Highlight
  2027. .\"Filenames Highlight"
  2028. for more info.
  2029. .PP
  2030. .B Quick search
  2031. .PP
  2032. You can specify how the
  2033. .\"LINK2"
  2034. Quick search
  2035. .\"Quick search"
  2036. mode should work: case insensitively, case sensitively or be matched
  2037. to the panel sort order: case sensitive or not.
  2038. .\"NODE " Confirmation"
  2039. .SH " Confirmation"
  2040. In this dialog you configure the confirmation options for file deletion,
  2041. overwriting files, execution by pressing enter, quitting the program,
  2042. directory hotlist entries deletion and history cleanup.
  2043. .\"NODE " Appearance"
  2044. .SH " Appearance"
  2045. In this dialog you can select the skin to be used and enable shadow
  2046. for dialogs and drop down menus.
  2047. .PP
  2048. See the
  2049. .\"LINK2"
  2050. Skins
  2051. .\"Skins"
  2052. section for technical details about the skin definition files.
  2053. .PP
  2054. .I Shadows.
  2055. If this option is enabled, all dialogs and drop down menus will have a shadow.
  2056. .\"NODE " Display bits"
  2057. .SH " Display bits"
  2058. This is used to configure the range of visible characters on the
  2059. screen. This setting may be 7\-bits if your terminal/curses supports
  2060. only seven output bits, ISO\-8859\-1 displays all the characters in the
  2061. ISO\-8859\-1 map and full 8 bits is for those terminals that can display
  2062. full 8 bit characters.
  2063. .\"NODE " Learn keys"
  2064. .SH " Learn keys"
  2065. This dialog allows you to test and redefine functional keys, cursor
  2066. arrows and some other keys to make them work properly on your terminal.
  2067. They often don't, since many terminal databases are incomplete or broken.
  2068. .PP
  2069. You can move around with the Tab key and with the vi moving keys ('h'
  2070. left, 'j' down, 'k' up and 'l' right). Once you press any cursor movement
  2071. key and it is recognized, you can use that key as well.
  2072. .PP
  2073. You can test keys just by pressing each of them. When you press a
  2074. key and it is recognized properly, OK should appear next to the name
  2075. of that key. Once a key is marked OK it starts working as usually,
  2076. e.g. F1 pressed the first time will just check that the F1 key works,
  2077. but after that it will show help. The same applies to the arrow keys.
  2078. The Tab key should be working always.
  2079. .PP
  2080. If some keys do not work properly then you won't see OK appear after
  2081. pressing one of these. Then you may want to redefine it. Do it by pressing
  2082. the button with the name of that key (either by the mouse or by Enter
  2083. or Space after selecting the button with Tab or arrows). Then a message
  2084. box will appear asking you to press that key. Do it and wait until the
  2085. message box disappears. If you want to abort, just press Escape once
  2086. and wait.
  2087. .PP
  2088. When you finish with all the keys, you can Save them. The definitions
  2089. for the keys you have redefined will be written into the [terminal:TERM]
  2090. section of your ~/.config/mc/ini file (where TERM is the name of your current
  2091. terminal). The definitions of the keys that were already working properly
  2092. are not saved.
  2093. .\"NODE " Virtual FS"
  2094. .SH " Virtual FS"
  2095. This option gives you control over the settings of the
  2096. .\"LINK2"
  2097. Virtual File System\&.
  2098. .\"Virtual File System"
  2099. .PP
  2100. Midnight Commander keeps in memory the information related to some
  2101. of the virtual file systems to speed up the access to the files in the
  2102. file system (for example, directory listings fetched from FTP servers).
  2103. .PP
  2104. Also, in order to access the contents of compressed files (for example,
  2105. compressed tar files), Midnight Commander needs to create temporary
  2106. uncompressed files on your disk.
  2107. .PP
  2108. Since both the information in memory and the temporary files on disk
  2109. take up resources, you may want to tune the parameters of the cached
  2110. information to decrease your resource usage or to maximize the speed of
  2111. access to frequently used file systems.
  2112. .PP
  2113. Because of the format of the tar archives, the
  2114. .I Tar filesystem
  2115. needs to read the whole file just to load the file entries. Since most
  2116. tar files are usually kept compressed (plain tar files are species in
  2117. extinction), the tar file system has to uncompress the file on the disk
  2118. in a temporary location and then access the uncompressed file as a
  2119. regular tar file.
  2120. .PP
  2121. Now, since we all love to browse files and tar files all over the disk,
  2122. it's common that you will leave a tar file and then re\-enter it later.
  2123. Since decompression is slow, Midnight Commander will cache the
  2124. information in memory for a limited time. When the timeout expires, all
  2125. the resources associated with the file system are released. The default
  2126. timeout is set to one minute.
  2127. .PP
  2128. The
  2129. .\"LINK2"
  2130. FTP File System
  2131. .\"FTP File System"
  2132. (ftpfs) allows you to browse directories on remote FTP servers. It has
  2133. several options.
  2134. .PP
  2135. .I ftp anonymous password
  2136. is the password used when you login as "anonymous". Some sites require
  2137. a valid e\-mail address. On the other hand, you probably don't want to
  2138. give your real e\-mail address to untrusted sites, especially if you are
  2139. not using spam filtering.
  2140. .PP
  2141. ftpfs keeps the directory listing it fetches from a FTP server in a cache.
  2142. The cache expire time is configurable with the
  2143. .I ftpfs directory cache timeout
  2144. option. A low value for this option may slow down every operation on
  2145. the ftpfs because every operation would require sending a request to the
  2146. FTP server.
  2147. .PP
  2148. You can define an FTP proxy host for doing FTP. Note that most modern
  2149. firewalls are fully transparent at least for passive FTP (see below), so
  2150. FTP proxies are considered obsolete.
  2151. .PP
  2152. If
  2153. .I Always use ftp proxy
  2154. is not set, you can use the exclamation sign to enable proxy for certain
  2155. hosts. See
  2156. .\"LINK2"
  2157. FTP File System
  2158. .\"FTP File System"
  2159. for examples.
  2160. .PP
  2161. If this option is set, the program will do two things: consult the
  2162. %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.no_proxy file for lines containing host names that
  2163. are local (if the host name starts with a dot, it is assumed to be a
  2164. domain) and to assume that any hostnames without dots in their names are
  2165. directly accessible. All other hosts will be accessed through the
  2166. specified FTP proxy.
  2167. .PP
  2168. You can enable using
  2169. .I ~/.netrc
  2170. file, which keeps login names and passwords for ftp servers. See netrc
  2171. (5) for the description of the .netrc format.
  2172. .PP
  2173. .I Use passive mode
  2174. enables using FTP passive mode, when the connection for data transfer is
  2175. initiated by the client, not by the server. This option is recommended
  2176. and enabled by default. If this option is turned off, the data
  2177. connection is initiated by the server. This may not work with some
  2178. firewalls.
  2179. .\"NODE " Save Setup"
  2180. .SH " Save Setup"
  2181. At startup, Midnight Commander tries to load initialization information
  2182. from the ~/.config/mc/ini file.
  2183. If this file doesn't exist, the system\-wide file
  2184. .B %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.ini
  2185. is used. If this file doesn't exist, the system\-wide file
  2186. .B %pkgdatadir%/mc.ini
  2187. is used. If this file doesn't exist, MC uses the default settings.
  2188. .PP
  2189. The
  2190. .I Save Setup
  2191. command creates the ~/.config/mc/ini file by saving the
  2192. current settings of the
  2193. .\"LINK2"
  2194. Left, Right
  2195. .\"Left and Right Menus"
  2196. and
  2197. .\"LINK2"
  2198. Options
  2199. .\"Options Menu"
  2200. menus.
  2201. .PP
  2202. If you activate the
  2203. .I auto save setup
  2204. option, MC will always save the current settings when exiting.
  2205. .PP
  2206. There also exist settings which can't be changed from the menus. To
  2207. change these settings you have to edit the setup file with your
  2208. favorite editor. See the section on
  2209. .\"LINK2"
  2210. Special Settings
  2211. .\"Special Settings"
  2212. for more information.
  2213. .SH ""
  2214. .\"NODE "Executing operating system commands"
  2215. .SH "Executing operating system commands"
  2216. You may execute commands by typing them directly in Midnight
  2217. Commander's input line, or by selecting the program you want to
  2218. execute with the selection bar in one of the panels and hitting Enter.
  2219. .PP
  2220. If you press Enter over a file that is not executable, Midnight
  2221. Commander checks the extension of the selected file against the
  2222. extensions in the
  2223. .\"LINK2"
  2224. Extensions File\&.
  2225. .\"Edit Extension File"
  2226. If a match is found then the code associated with that extension is
  2227. executed. A very simple
  2228. .\"LINK2"
  2229. macro expansion
  2230. .\"Macro Substitution"
  2231. takes place before executing the command.
  2232. .\"NODE " The cd internal command"
  2233. .SH " The cd internal command"
  2234. The
  2235. .I cd
  2236. command is interpreted by Midnight Commander, it is not passed to
  2237. the command shell for execution. Thus it may not handle all of the
  2238. nice macro expansion and substitution that your shell does, although it
  2239. does some of them:
  2240. .PP
  2241. .I Tilde substitution.
  2242. The (~) will be substituted with your home directory, if you append a
  2243. username after the tilde, then it will be substituted with the login
  2244. directory of the specified user.
  2245. .PP
  2246. For example, ~guest is the home directory for the user guest, while
  2247. ~/guest is the directory guest in your home directory.
  2248. .PP
  2249. .I Previous directory.
  2250. You can jump to the directory you were previously by using the special
  2251. directory name '\-' like this:
  2252. .B cd \-
  2253. .PP
  2254. .I CDPATH directories.
  2255. If the directory specified to the
  2256. .B cd
  2257. command is not in the current directory, then Midnight Commander
  2258. uses the value in the environment variable
  2259. .B CDPATH
  2260. to search for the directory in any of the named directories.
  2261. .PP
  2262. For example you could set your
  2263. .B CDPATH
  2264. variable to ~/src:/usr/src, allowing you to change your directory to
  2265. any of the directories inside the ~/src and /usr/src directories, from
  2266. any place in the file system by using its relative name (for example
  2267. cd linux could take you to /usr/src/linux).
  2268. .\"NODE " Macro Substitution"
  2269. .SH " Macro Substitution"
  2270. When accessing a
  2271. .\"LINK2"
  2272. user menu\&,
  2273. .\"Edit Menu File"
  2274. or executing an
  2275. .\"LINK2"
  2276. extension dependent command\&,
  2277. .\"Edit Extension File"
  2278. or running a command from the command line input, a simple macro
  2279. substitution takes place.
  2280. .PP
  2281. The macros are:
  2282. .TP
  2283. .I %i
  2284. The indent of blank space, equal the cursor column position. For edit
  2285. menu only.
  2286. .TP
  2287. .I %y
  2288. The syntax type of current file. For edit menu only.
  2289. .TP
  2290. .I %k
  2291. The block file name.
  2292. .TP
  2293. .I %e
  2294. The error file name.
  2295. .TP
  2296. .I %m
  2297. The current menu name.
  2298. .TP
  2299. .IR %f " and " %p
  2300. In file manager user menu: the current file name in selected panel.
  2301. In mcedit user menu: the name of opened file.
  2302. .TP
  2303. .I %x
  2304. The extension of current file name.
  2305. .TP
  2306. .I %b
  2307. The current file name without extension.
  2308. .TP
  2309. .I %d
  2310. The current directory name.
  2311. .TP
  2312. .I %F
  2313. The current file in the unselected panel.
  2314. .TP
  2315. .I %D
  2316. The directory name of the unselected panel.
  2317. .TP
  2318. .I %t
  2319. The currently tagged files.
  2320. .TP
  2321. .I %T
  2322. The tagged files in the unselected panel.
  2323. .TP
  2324. .IR %u " and " %U
  2325. Similar to the %t and %T macros, but in addition the files are untagged.
  2326. You can use this macro only once per menu file entry or extension file
  2327. entry, because next time there will be no tagged files.
  2328. .TP
  2329. .IR %s " and " %S
  2330. The selected files: The tagged files if there are any. Otherwise the
  2331. current file.
  2332. .TP
  2333. .I %cd
  2334. This is a special macro that is used to change the current directory
  2335. to the directory specified in front of it. This is used primarily as
  2336. an interface to the
  2337. .\"LINK2"
  2338. Virtual File System\&.
  2339. .\"Virtual File System"
  2340. .TP
  2341. .I %view
  2342. This macro is used to invoke the internal viewer. This macro can be
  2343. used alone, or with arguments. If you pass any arguments to this
  2344. macro, they should be enclosed in brackets.
  2345. .IP
  2346. The arguments are:
  2347. .I ascii
  2348. to force the viewer into ascii mode;
  2349. .I hex
  2350. to force the viewer into hex mode;
  2351. .I nroff
  2352. to tell the viewer that it should interpret the bold and underline
  2353. sequences of nroff;
  2354. .I unformatted
  2355. to tell the viewer to not interpret nroff commands for making the text
  2356. bold or underlined.
  2357. .TP
  2358. .I %%
  2359. The % character
  2360. .TP
  2361. .I %{some text}
  2362. Prompt for the substitution. An input box is shown and the text inside
  2363. the braces is used as a prompt. The macro is substituted by the text
  2364. typed by the user. The user can press Esc or F10 to cancel. This macro
  2365. doesn't work on the command line yet.
  2366. .TP
  2367. .I %var{ENV:default}
  2368. If environment variable
  2369. .I ENV
  2370. is unset, the
  2371. .I default
  2372. is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
  2373. .I ENV
  2374. is substituted.
  2375. .\"NODE " The subshell support"
  2376. .SH " The subshell support"
  2377. The subshell support is a compile time option, that works with the
  2378. shells: bash, ash (BusyBox and Debian), tcsh, zsh and fish.
  2379. .PP
  2380. When the subshell support is active, Midnight Commander will
  2381. spawn a concurrent copy of your shell (the one defined in the
  2382. .B SHELL
  2383. variable and if it is not defined, then the one in the /etc/passwd
  2384. file) and run it in a pseudo terminal, instead of invoking a new shell
  2385. each time you execute a command, the command will be passed to the
  2386. subshell as if you had typed it. This also allows you to change the
  2387. environment variables, use shell functions and define aliases that are
  2388. valid until you quit Midnight Commander.
  2389. .PP
  2390. .B bash
  2391. users may specify startup commands in ~/.local/share/mc/bashrc (fallback ~/.bashrc)
  2392. and special keyboard maps in ~/.local/share/mc/inputrc (fallback ~/.inputrc).
  2393. .PP
  2394. .B ash/dash
  2395. users (BusyBox or Debian) may specify startup commands in ~/.local/share/mc/ashrc (fallback ~/.profile).
  2396. .PP
  2397. .B zsh
  2398. users may specify startup commands in ~/.local/share/mc/.zshrc (fallback ~/.zshrc).
  2399. .PP
  2400. .B tcsh, fish
  2401. users cannot specify mc-specific startup commands at present. They have to rely on
  2402. shell-specific startup files.
  2403. .PP
  2404. The following paragraphs are relevant only when the subshell support is
  2405. active:
  2406. .PP
  2407. You can suspend applications at any
  2408. time with the sequence C\-o and jump back to Midnight Commander, if
  2409. you interrupt an application, you will not be able to run other
  2410. external commands until you quit the application you interrupted.
  2411. .PP
  2412. The basic prompt displayed by Midnight Commander is of the form
  2413. "user@host:current_path$ ". When using a capable shell, like Bash, the
  2414. prompt displayed by Midnight Commander will be the same prompt that you
  2415. are currently using in your shell.
  2416. .PP
  2417. (There's a known problem when using fish: the prompt is displayed only in
  2418. full screen mode (Ctrl-o), not when the panels are visible.)
  2419. .PP
  2420. The
  2421. .\"LINK2"
  2422. OPTIONS
  2423. .\"OPTIONS"
  2424. section has more information on how you can control subshell usage (-U/-u).
  2425. Furthermore, to set a specific subshell different from your current SHELL variable or
  2426. login shell defined in /etc/passwd, you may call MC like this:
  2427. .B SHELL=/bin/myshell mc
  2428. .\"NODE "Chmod"
  2429. .SH "Chmod"
  2430. The Chmod window is used to change the attribute bits in a group of
  2431. files and directories. It can be invoked with the C\-x c key combination.
  2432. .PP
  2433. The Chmod window has two parts \-
  2434. .I Permissions
  2435. and
  2436. .IR File .
  2437. .PP
  2438. In the File section are displayed the name of the file or directory
  2439. and its permissions in octal form, as well as its owner and group.
  2440. .PP
  2441. In the Permissions section there is a set of check buttons which
  2442. correspond to the file attribute bits. As you change the attribute
  2443. bits, you can see the octal value change in the File section.
  2444. .PP
  2445. To move between the widgets (buttons and check buttons) use the
  2446. .I arrow keys
  2447. or the
  2448. .I Tab
  2449. key. To change the state of the check buttons or to select a button
  2450. use
  2451. .I Space.
  2452. You can also use the hotkeys on the buttons to quickly activate them.
  2453. Hotkeys are shown as highlighted letters on the buttons.
  2454. .PP
  2455. To set the attribute bits, use the Enter key.
  2456. .PP
  2457. When working with a group of files or directories, you just click on
  2458. the bits you want to set or clear. Once you have selected the bits
  2459. you want to change, you select one of the action buttons (Set marked
  2460. or Clear marked).
  2461. .PP
  2462. Finally, to set the attributes exactly to those specified, you can use
  2463. the
  2464. .B [Set all]
  2465. button, which will act on all the tagged files.
  2466. .PP
  2467. .B [Marked all]
  2468. set only marked attributes to all selected files
  2469. .PP
  2470. .B [Set marked]
  2471. set marked bits in attributes of all selected files
  2472. .PP
  2473. .B [Clean marked]
  2474. clear marked bits in attributes of all selected files
  2475. .PP
  2476. .B [Set]
  2477. set the attributes of one file
  2478. .PP
  2479. .B [Cancel]
  2480. cancel the Chmod command
  2481. .\"NODE "Chown"
  2482. .SH "Chown"
  2483. The Chown command is used to change the owner/group of a file. The hot
  2484. key for this command is C\-x o.
  2485. .\"NODE "Advanced Chown"
  2486. .SH "Advanced Chown"
  2487. The Advanced Chown command is the
  2488. .\"LINK2"
  2489. Chmod
  2490. .\"Chmod"
  2491. and
  2492. .\"LINK2"
  2493. Chown
  2494. .\"Chown"
  2495. command combined into one window. You can change the permissions and
  2496. owner/group of files at once.
  2497. .\"NODE "Chattr"
  2498. .SH "Chattr"
  2499. The Chattr window is used to change the attributes of a group of files
  2500. and directories on a Linux file system. It can be invoked with the C\-x e
  2501. key combination.
  2502. .PP
  2503. Not all attributes are supported or utilized by all filesystems.
  2504. List of available attribute flags is represented as a set of check buttons
  2505. which correspond to the attribute flags (see
  2506. .B chattr(1)
  2507. for details). As you change the attribute flags, you can see the symbolic
  2508. value change below file name.
  2509. .PP
  2510. To move between the widgets (buttons and check buttons) use the
  2511. .I arrow keys
  2512. or the
  2513. .I Tab
  2514. key. To change the state of the check buttons or to select a button use
  2515. .BR Space .
  2516. .PP
  2517. To set the attributes, use the Enter key.
  2518. .PP
  2519. When working with a group of files or directories, you just click on
  2520. the flags you want to set or clear. Once you have selected the flags
  2521. you want to change, you select one of the action buttons (Set marked
  2522. or Clear marked).
  2523. .PP
  2524. Finally, to set the attributes exactly to those specified, you can use
  2525. the
  2526. .B [Set all]
  2527. button, which will act on all the tagged files.
  2528. .PP
  2529. .B [Marked all]
  2530. set only marked attributes to all selected files.
  2531. .PP
  2532. .B [Set marked]
  2533. set marked flags in attributes of all selected files.
  2534. .PP
  2535. .B [Clean marked]
  2536. clear marked flags in attributes of all selected files.
  2537. .PP
  2538. .B [Set]
  2539. set the attributes of one file.
  2540. .PP
  2541. .B [Cancel]
  2542. cancel the Chattr command.
  2543. .\"NODE "File Operations"
  2544. .SH "File Operations"
  2545. When you copy, move or delete files, Midnight Commander shows the
  2546. file operations dialog. It shows the files currently being processed
  2547. and uses up to three progress bars. The file bar indicates the
  2548. percentage of the current file that has been processed so far. The
  2549. count bar shows how many of the tagged files have been handled. The
  2550. bytes bar indicates the percentage of the total size of the tagged files
  2551. that has been handled. If the verbose option is off, the file and bytes
  2552. bars are not shown.
  2553. .PP
  2554. There are two buttons at the bottom of the dialog. Pressing the Skip
  2555. button will skip the rest of the current file. Pressing the Abort
  2556. button will abort the whole operation, the rest of the files are
  2557. skipped.
  2558. .PP
  2559. There are three other dialogs which you can run into during the file
  2560. operations.
  2561. .PP
  2562. The error dialog informs about error conditions and has three choices.
  2563. Normally you select either the Skip button to skip the file or the Abort
  2564. button to abort the operation altogether. You can also select the Retry
  2565. button if you fixed the problem from another terminal.
  2566. .PP
  2567. The replace dialog is shown when you attempt to copy or move a file on
  2568. the top of an existing file. The dialog shows the dates and sizes of
  2569. the both files. Press the Yes button to overwrite the file, the No
  2570. button to skip the file, the All button to overwrite all the files, the
  2571. None button to never overwrite and the Update button to overwrite if the
  2572. source file is newer than the target file. You can abort the whole
  2573. operation by pressing the Abort button.
  2574. .PP
  2575. The recursive delete dialog is shown when you try to delete a directory
  2576. which is not empty. Press the Yes button to delete the directory
  2577. recursively, the No button to skip the directory, the All button to
  2578. delete all the directories and the None button to skip all the non\-empty
  2579. directories. You can abort the whole operation by pressing the Abort
  2580. button. If you selected the Yes or All button you will be asked for a
  2581. confirmation. Type "yes" only if you are really sure you want to do the
  2582. recursive delete.
  2583. .PP
  2584. If you have tagged files and perform an operation on them only the files
  2585. on which the operation succeeded are untagged. Failed and skipped files
  2586. are left tagged.
  2587. .\"NODE "Mask Copy/Rename"
  2588. .SH "Mask Copy/Rename"
  2589. The copy/move operations let you translate the names of files in an
  2590. easy way. To do it, you have to specify the correct source mask and
  2591. usually in the trailing part of the destination specify some wildcards.
  2592. All the files matching the source mask are copied/renamed according to
  2593. the target mask. If there are tagged files, only the tagged files
  2594. matching the source mask are renamed.
  2595. .PP
  2596. There are other options which you can set:
  2597. .PP
  2598. .B Follow links
  2599. .PP
  2600. determines whether make the symlinks and hardlinks in the source
  2601. directory (recursively in subdirectories) new links in the target
  2602. directory or whether would you like to copy their content.
  2603. .PP
  2604. .B Dive into subdirs
  2605. .PP
  2606. determines the behavior when the source directory is about to be copied,
  2607. but the target directory already exists. The default action is to copy
  2608. the contents of the source directory into the target directory.
  2609. Enabling this option causes copying the source directory itself into the
  2610. target directory.
  2611. .PP
  2612. For example, you want to copy directory
  2613. .I /foo
  2614. containing file
  2615. .I bar
  2616. to
  2617. .IR /bla/foo ,
  2618. which is an already existing directory. Normally (when
  2619. .B Dive into subdirs
  2620. is not set), mc would copy file
  2621. .I /foo/bar
  2622. into the file
  2623. .IR /bla/foo/bar .
  2624. By enabling this option the
  2625. .I /bla/foo/foo
  2626. directory will be created, and
  2627. .I /foo/bar
  2628. will be copied into
  2629. .IR /bla/foo/foo/bar .
  2630. .PP
  2631. .B Preserve attributes
  2632. .PP
  2633. determines whether to preserve the permissions, timestamps and (if you
  2634. are root) the ownership of the original files. If this option is not
  2635. set, the current value of the umask will be respected.
  2636. .PP
  2637. .B Use shell patterns
  2638. .PP
  2639. When this option is on you can use the '*' and '?' wildcards in the source
  2640. mask. They work like they do in the shell. In the target mask only the '*'
  2641. and '\\<digit>' wildcards are allowed. The first '*' wildcard in the target
  2642. mask corresponds to the first wildcard group in the source mask,
  2643. the second '*' corresponds to the second group and so on. The '\\1' wildcard
  2644. corresponds to the first wildcard group in the source mask, the '\\2' wildcard
  2645. corresponds to the second group and so on all the way up to '\\9'.
  2646. The '\\0' wildcard is the whole filename of the source file.
  2647. .PP
  2648. Two examples:
  2649. .PP
  2650. If the source mask is "*.tar.gz", the destination is "/bla/*.tgz" and the
  2651. file to be copied is "foo.tar.gz", the copy will be "foo.tgz" in "/bla".
  2652. .PP
  2653. Suppose you want to swap basename and extension so that "file.c" would
  2654. become "c.file" and so on. The source mask for this is "*.*" and the
  2655. destination is "\\2.\\1".
  2656. .PP
  2657. .B Use shell patterns off
  2658. .PP
  2659. When the shell patterns option is off the MC doesn't do automatic
  2660. grouping anymore. You must use '\\(...\\)' expressions in the source
  2661. mask to specify meaning for the wildcards in the target mask. This is
  2662. more flexible but also requires more typing. Otherwise target masks
  2663. are similar to the situation when the shell patterns option is on.
  2664. .PP
  2665. Two examples:
  2666. .PP
  2667. If the source mask is "^\\(.*\\)\\.tar\\.gz$", the destination is
  2668. "/bla/*.tgz" and the file to be copied is "foo.tar.gz", the copy
  2669. will be "/bla/foo.tgz".
  2670. .PP
  2671. Let's suppose you want to swap basename and extension so that "file.c"
  2672. will become "c.file" and so on. The source mask for this is
  2673. "^\\(.*\\)\\.\\(.*\\)$" and the destination is "\\2.\\1".
  2674. .PP
  2675. .B Case Conversions
  2676. .PP
  2677. You can also change the case of the filenames. If you use '\\u'
  2678. or '\\l' in the target mask, the next character will be converted to
  2679. uppercase or lowercase correspondingly.
  2680. .PP
  2681. If you use '\\U' or '\\L' in the target mask, the next characters will
  2682. be converted to uppercase or lowercase correspondingly up to the
  2683. next '\\E' or next '\\U', '\\L' or the end of the file name.
  2684. .PP
  2685. The '\\u' and '\\l' are stronger than '\\U' and '\\L'.
  2686. .PP
  2687. For example, if the source mask is '*' (
  2688. .I Use shell patterns
  2689. on) or '^\\(.*\\)$' (
  2690. .I Use shell patterns
  2691. off) and the target mask is '\\L\\u*' the file names will be converted
  2692. to have initial upper case and otherwise lower case.
  2693. .PP
  2694. You can also use '\\' as a quote character. For example, '\\\\' is
  2695. a backslash and '\\*' is an asterisk.
  2696. .PP
  2697. .B Stable symlinks
  2698. .PP
  2699. commands Midnight Commander, that it should change symlinks in the target,
  2700. so that they'll point to the same location as it did before. With absolute
  2701. symbolic links this does nothing, but if you have a relative one, it will
  2702. recompute its value, adding necessary ../ and other directory parts and making
  2703. the value as short as possible (most modern filesystems keep short symlinks
  2704. inside inodes and thus don't waste much disk space).
  2705. .\"NODE "Select/Unselect Files"
  2706. .SH "Select/Unselect Files"
  2707. The dialog of group of files and directories selection or uselection.
  2708. The
  2709. .\"LINK2"
  2710. input line
  2711. .\"Input Line Keys"
  2712. allow enter the regular expression of filenames that will be
  2713. selected/unselected.
  2714. .PP
  2715. When
  2716. .I Files only
  2717. checkbox is on, only files will be selected. If
  2718. .I Files only
  2719. is off, as files as directories will be selected.
  2720. When
  2721. .I Shell Patterns
  2722. checkbox is on, the regular expression is much like the filename globbing
  2723. in the shell (* standing for zero or more characters and ? standing
  2724. for one character). If
  2725. .I Shell Patterns
  2726. is off, then the tagging of files is done with normal regular
  2727. expressions (see ed (1)). When
  2728. .I Case sensitive
  2729. checkbox is on, the selection will be case sensitive characters.
  2730. If
  2731. .I Case sensitive
  2732. is off, the case will be ignored.
  2733. .\"NODE "Diff Viewer"
  2734. .SH "Internal Diff Viewer"
  2735. The mcdiff is a visual diff tool. You can compare two files and edit them
  2736. in\-place (diffs are updated dynamically). You can browse and view a working
  2737. copy from popular version control systems (GIT, Subversion, etc).
  2738. .PP
  2739. Following shortcuts are available in internal diff viewer of Midnight
  2740. Commander.
  2741. .TP
  2742. .B F1
  2743. Invoke the built\-in hypertext help viewer.
  2744. .TP
  2745. .B F2
  2746. Save modified files.
  2747. .TP
  2748. .B F4
  2749. Edit file of the left panel in the internal editor.
  2750. .TP
  2751. .B F14
  2752. Edit file of the right panel in the internal editor.
  2753. .TP
  2754. .B F5
  2755. Merge the current hunk. Only the current hunk will be merged.
  2756. .TP
  2757. .B F7
  2758. Start search.
  2759. .TP
  2760. .B F17
  2761. Continue search.
  2762. .TP
  2763. .B F10, Esc, q
  2764. Exit from diff viewer.
  2765. .TP
  2766. .B Alt\-s, s
  2767. Toggle show of hunk status.
  2768. .TP
  2769. .B Alt\-n, l
  2770. Toggle show of line numbers.
  2771. .TP
  2772. .B f
  2773. Maximize left panel.
  2774. .TP
  2775. .B =
  2776. Make panels equal in width.
  2777. .TP
  2778. .B >
  2779. Reduce the size of the right panel.
  2780. .TP
  2781. .B <
  2782. Reduce the size of the left panel.
  2783. .TP
  2784. .B c
  2785. Toggle show of trailing carriage return (CR) symbol as ^M.
  2786. .TP
  2787. .B 2, 3, 4, 8
  2788. Set tabulation size
  2789. .TP
  2790. .B C\-u
  2791. Swap contents of diff panels.
  2792. .TP
  2793. .B C\-r
  2794. Refresh the screen.
  2795. .TP
  2796. .B C\-o
  2797. Switch to the subshell and show the command screen.
  2798. .TP
  2799. .B Enter, Space, n
  2800. Find next diff hunk.
  2801. .TP
  2802. .B Backspace, p
  2803. Find previous diff hunk.
  2804. .TP
  2805. .B g
  2806. Go to line.
  2807. .TP
  2808. .B Down
  2809. Scroll one line forward.
  2810. .TP
  2811. .B Up
  2812. Scroll one line backward.
  2813. .TP
  2814. .B PageUp
  2815. Move one page up.
  2816. .TP
  2817. .B PageDown
  2818. Mves one page down.
  2819. .TP
  2820. .B Home, A1
  2821. Moves to the line beginning.
  2822. .TP
  2823. .B End
  2824. Moves to the line end.
  2825. .TP
  2826. .B C\-Home
  2827. Move to the file beginning.
  2828. .TP
  2829. .B C\-End, C1
  2830. Move to the file end.
  2831. .\"NODE "Internal File Viewer"
  2832. .SH "Internal File Viewer"
  2833. The internal file viewer provides two display modes: ASCII and hex.
  2834. To toggle between modes, use the F4 key.
  2835. .PP
  2836. The viewer will try to use the best method provided by your system or
  2837. the file type to display the information.
  2838. Some character sequences, which appear most often in preformatted manual
  2839. pages, are displayed bold and underlined, thus making a pretty display
  2840. of your files.
  2841. .PP
  2842. When in hex mode, the search function accepts text in quotes and
  2843. constant numbers. Text in quotes is matched exactly after removing
  2844. the quotes. Each number matches one byte. You can mix quoted text
  2845. with constants like this:
  2846. .PP
  2847. .nf
  2848. "String" 34 0xBB 012 "more text"
  2849. .fi
  2850. .PP
  2851. Numbers are always interpreted in hex. In the example above, "34" is
  2852. interpreted as 0x34. The prefix "0x" isn't really needed: we could type
  2853. "BB" instead of "0xBB". And "012" is interpreted as 0x12, not as an octal
  2854. number.
  2855. .PP
  2856. Here is a listing of the actions associated with each key that the
  2857. Midnight Commander handles in the internal file viewer.
  2858. .TP
  2859. .B F1
  2860. Invoke the built\-in hypertext help viewer.
  2861. .TP
  2862. .B F2
  2863. Toggle the wrap mode.
  2864. .TP
  2865. .B F4
  2866. Toggle the hex mode.
  2867. .TP
  2868. .B F5
  2869. Goto. You can specify a line number, offset or percentage of file size
  2870. of position that you want to view.
  2871. .TP
  2872. .B F7, /, ?
  2873. Start search. These keys call the dialog window that allows you to set up
  2874. the search options. If key is ? the "Backwards" option is on.
  2875. .TP
  2876. .B C\-s
  2877. Continue forward search.
  2878. .TP
  2879. .B C\-r
  2880. Continue reverse search.
  2881. .TP
  2882. .B F17, n
  2883. Continue search in the chosen direction.
  2884. .TP
  2885. .B N
  2886. Temporary change the search direction: backwards if forward search is chosen,
  2887. and vice versa.
  2888. .TP
  2889. .B F8
  2890. Toggle Raw/Parsed mode: This will show the file as found on disk or if
  2891. a processing filter has been specified in the mc.ext.ini file, then the
  2892. output from the filter. Current mode is always the other than written
  2893. on the button label, since on the button is the mode which you enter
  2894. by that key.
  2895. .TP
  2896. .B F9
  2897. Toggle the format/unformat mode: when format mode is on the viewer
  2898. will interpret some string sequences to show bold and underline with
  2899. different colors. Also, on button label is the other mode than current.
  2900. .TP
  2901. .B F10, Esc.
  2902. Exit the internal file viewer.
  2903. .TP
  2904. .B PageDown, space, C\-v.
  2905. Scroll one page forward.
  2906. .TP
  2907. .B PageUp, Alt\-v, C\-b, Backspace.
  2908. Scroll one page backward.
  2909. .TP
  2910. .B Down
  2911. Scroll one line forward.
  2912. .TP
  2913. .B Up
  2914. Scroll one line backward.
  2915. .TP
  2916. .B C\-l
  2917. Refresh the screen.
  2918. .TP
  2919. .B C\-o
  2920. Switch to the subshell and show the command screen.
  2921. .TP
  2922. .B "[n] m"
  2923. Set the mark n.
  2924. .TP
  2925. .B "[n] r"
  2926. Jump to the mark n.
  2927. .TP
  2928. .B C\-f
  2929. Jump to the next file.
  2930. .TP
  2931. .B C\-b
  2932. Jump to the previous file.
  2933. .TP
  2934. .B Alt\-r
  2935. Toggle the ruler.
  2936. .TP
  2937. .B Alt\-e
  2938. to change charset of displayed text may use Alt\-e (M\-e).
  2939. Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
  2940. cancel the recoding you may select "<No translation>" in charset
  2941. selection dialog.
  2942. .PP
  2943. It's possible to instruct the file viewer how to display a file, look
  2944. at the
  2945. .\"LINK2"
  2946. Edit Extension File section
  2947. .\"Edit Extension File"
  2948. .\"NODE "Internal File Editor"
  2949. .SH "Internal File Editor"
  2950. The internal file editor is a full\-featured full screen editor. It can
  2951. edit files up to 64 megabytes. It is possible to edit binary files.
  2952. The internal file editor is invoked using
  2953. .B F4
  2954. if the
  2955. .I use_internal_edit
  2956. option is set in the initialization file.
  2957. .PP
  2958. The features it presently supports are: block copy, move, delete, cut,
  2959. paste; key for key undo; pull\-down menus; file insertion; macro
  2960. commands; regular expression search and replace; S\-arrow text highlighting
  2961. (if supported by the terminal); insert\-overwrite toggle; word wrap;
  2962. autoindent; tunable tab size; syntax highlighting for various file
  2963. types; and an option to pipe text blocks through shell commands like
  2964. indent and ispell.
  2965. .PP
  2966. Sections:
  2967. .IP
  2968. .\"LINK2"
  2969. Options of editor in ini\-file
  2970. .\"Internal File Editor / options"
  2971. .PP
  2972. The editor is very easy to use and requires no tutoring. To see what
  2973. keys do what, just consult the appropriate pull\-down menu. Other keys
  2974. are: Shift movement keys do text highlighting.
  2975. .B C\-Ins
  2976. copies to the file
  2977. .B mcedit.clip
  2978. and
  2979. .B S\-Ins
  2980. pastes from mcedit.clip.
  2981. .B S\-Del
  2982. cuts to
  2983. .BR mcedit.clip ,
  2984. and
  2985. .B C\-Del
  2986. deletes highlighted text. Mouse highlighting also works, and you
  2987. can override the mouse as usual by holding down the shift key
  2988. while dragging the mouse to let normal terminal mouse highlighting
  2989. work.
  2990. .PP
  2991. To define a macro, press
  2992. .B C\-R
  2993. and then type out the key
  2994. strokes you want to be executed. Press
  2995. .B C\-R
  2996. again when finished. You can then assign the macro to any key you
  2997. like by pressing that key. The macro is executed when you press
  2998. .B C\-A
  2999. and then the assigned key. The macro is also executed if
  3000. you press Meta, Ctrl, or Esc and the assigned key, provided that the
  3001. key is not used for any other function. Once defined, the macro
  3002. commands go into the file
  3003. .B ~/.local/share/mc/mcedit/mcedit.macros
  3004. You can delete a macro by deleting the
  3005. appropriate line in this file.
  3006. .PP
  3007. To change charset of displayed text may use Alt\-e (M\-e).
  3008. Recoding is made from selected codepage into system codepage. To
  3009. cancel the recoding you may select "<No translation>" in charset
  3010. selection dialog.
  3011. .PP
  3012. .B F19
  3013. will format the currently highlighted block (plain text or C or C++
  3014. code or another). This is controlled by the
  3015. file
  3016. .B %pkgdatadir%/edit.indent.rc
  3017. which is copied to
  3018. .B ~/.local/share/mc/mcedit/edit.indent.rc
  3019. in your home directory the first time you use it.
  3020. .PP
  3021. The editor also displays non\-us characters (160+). When editing
  3022. binary files, you should set
  3023. .B display bits
  3024. to 7 bits in the options menu to keep the spacing clean.
  3025. .\"NODE "Internal File Editor / options"
  3026. .SH "Options of editor in ini\-file"
  3027. Some editor options of ini\-file are described in this section.
  3028. Options are placed in [Midnight\-Commander] section
  3029. .TP
  3030. .I editor_wordcompletion_collect_entire_file
  3031. Search autocomplete candidates in entire of file or just from
  3032. begin of file to cursor position (0)
  3033. .\"NODE "Screen selector"
  3034. .SH "Screen selector"
  3035. Midnight Commander supports running many internal modules (such as
  3036. editor, viewer and diff viewer) simultaneously and switching between
  3037. them without closing open files. Using several file managers at a time,
  3038. however, is not currently supported.
  3039. .PP
  3040. Let's call each of these modules a screen. There are three ways to
  3041. switch between screens, using one of these global shortcuts:
  3042. .TP
  3043. .B Alt\-}
  3044. switch to the next screen;
  3045. .TP
  3046. .B Alt\-{
  3047. switch to the previous screen;
  3048. .TP
  3049. .B Alt\-`
  3050. open a dialog window with the list of currently open screens (or use the
  3051. "Screen list" menu item).
  3052. .\"NODE "Completion"
  3053. .SH "Completion"
  3054. Let Midnight Commander type for you.
  3055. .PP
  3056. Attempt to perform completion on the text before current position. MC
  3057. attempts completion treating the text as variable (if the text begins
  3058. with
  3059. .BR $ ),
  3060. username (if the text begins with
  3061. .BR ~ ),
  3062. hostname (if the text begins with
  3063. .BR @ )
  3064. or command (if you are on the command line in the position where you
  3065. might type a command, possible completions then include shell reserved
  3066. words and shell built\-in commands as well) in turn. If none of these
  3067. matches, filename completion is attempted.
  3068. .PP
  3069. Filename, username, variable and hostname completion works on all input
  3070. lines, command completion is command line specific. If the completion
  3071. is ambiguous (there are more different possibilities), MC beeps and the
  3072. following action depends on the setting of the
  3073. .\"LINK2"
  3074. Complete: show all
  3075. .\"Configuration"
  3076. option in the
  3077. .\"LINK2"
  3078. Configuration
  3079. .\"Configuration"
  3080. dialog. If it is enabled, a list of all possibilities pops up next to
  3081. the current position and you can select with the arrow keys and
  3082. .B Enter
  3083. the correct entry. You can also type the first letters in which the
  3084. possibilities differ to move to a subset of all possibilities and
  3085. complete as much as possible. If you press
  3086. .B Alt\-Tab
  3087. again, only the subset will be shown in the listbox, otherwise the first
  3088. item which matches all the previous characters will be highlighted. As
  3089. soon as there is no ambiguity, dialog disappears, but you can hide it by
  3090. canceling keys
  3091. .BR Esc ,
  3092. .B F10
  3093. and left and right arrow keys. If
  3094. .\"LINK2"
  3095. Complete: show all
  3096. .\"Configuration"
  3097. is disabled, the dialog pops up only if you press
  3098. .B Alt\-Tab
  3099. for the second time, for the first time MC just beeps.
  3100. .PP
  3101. Apply escaping of \fB?\fR, \fB*\fR, and \fB&\fR symbols (as \fB\\?\fR, \fB\\*\fR,
  3102. and \fB\\&\fR) in filenames to disallow use them as metasymbols in regular
  3103. expressions when substitution is performed in the input line.
  3104. .\"NODE "Virtual File System"
  3105. .SH "Virtual File System"
  3106. Midnight Commander is provided with a code layer to access the file
  3107. system; this code layer is known as the virtual file system switch. The
  3108. virtual file system switch allows Midnight Commander to manipulate
  3109. files not located on the Unix file system.
  3110. .PP
  3111. Currently, Midnight Commander is packaged with some Virtual File
  3112. Systems (VFS): the
  3113. .I local
  3114. file system, used for accessing the regular Unix file system; the
  3115. .IR ftpfs ,
  3116. used to manipulate files on remote systems with the FTP protocol; the
  3117. .IR tarfs ,
  3118. used to manipulate tar and compressed tar files; the
  3119. .IR undelfs ,
  3120. used to recover deleted files on ext2 file systems (the default file
  3121. system for Linux systems),
  3122. .I shell
  3123. (for manipulating files over shell connections such as rsh and ssh).
  3124. If the code was compiled with
  3125. .I sftpfs
  3126. (for manipulating files over SFTP connections).
  3127. .PP
  3128. A generic
  3129. .I extfs
  3130. (EXTernal virtual File System) is provided in order to easily expand
  3131. VFS capabilities using scripts and external software.
  3132. .PP
  3133. The VFS switch code will interpret all of the path names used and will
  3134. forward them to the correct file system, the formats used for each one
  3135. of the file systems is described later in their own section.
  3136. .\"NODE " FTP File System"
  3137. .SH " FTP File System"
  3138. The FTP File System (ftpfs) allows you to manipulate files on remote
  3139. machines. To actually use it, you can use the
  3140. .I FTP link
  3141. item in the menu or directly change your current directory using the
  3142. .I cd
  3143. command to a path name that looks like this:
  3144. .PP
  3145. .I ftp://[!][user[:pass]@]machine[:port][remote\-dir]
  3146. .PP
  3147. The
  3148. .IR user ,
  3149. .I port
  3150. and
  3151. .I remote\-dir
  3152. elements are optional. If you specify the
  3153. .I user
  3154. element, Midnight Commander will login to the remote machine as that
  3155. user, otherwise it will use anonymous login or the login name from the
  3156. .I ~/.netrc
  3157. file. The optional
  3158. .I pass
  3159. element is the password used for the connection. Using the password in
  3160. the VFS directory name is not recommended, because it can appear on the
  3161. screen in clear text and can be saved to the directory history.
  3162. .PP
  3163. To enable using FTP proxy, prepend
  3164. .B !
  3165. (an exclamation sign) to the hostname.
  3166. .PP
  3167. Examples:
  3168. .PP
  3169. .nf
  3170. ftp://ftp.nuclecu.unam.mx/linux/local
  3171. ftp://tsx\-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages
  3172. ftp://!behind.firewall.edu/pub
  3173. ftp://guest@remote\-host.com:40/pub
  3174. ftp://miguel:xxx@server/pub
  3175. .fi
  3176. .PP
  3177. Please check the
  3178. .\"LINK2"
  3179. Virtual File System
  3180. .\"Virtual FS"
  3181. dialog box for ftpfs options.
  3182. .\"NODE " Tar File System"
  3183. .SH " Tar File System"
  3184. The tar file system provides you with read\-only access to your tar
  3185. files and compressed tar files by using the chdir command. To change
  3186. your directory to a tar file, you change your current directory to the
  3187. tar file by using the following syntax:
  3188. .PP
  3189. .I /filename.tar/utar://[dir\-inside\-tar]
  3190. .PP
  3191. The mc.ext.ini file already provides a shortcut for tar files, this means
  3192. that usually you just point to a tar file and press return to enter
  3193. into the tar file, see the
  3194. .\"LINK2"
  3195. Edit Extension File
  3196. .\"Edit Extension File"
  3197. section for details on how this is done.
  3198. .PP
  3199. Examples:
  3200. .PP
  3201. .nf
  3202. mc\-3.0.tar.gz/utar://mc\-3.0/vfs
  3203. /ftp/GCC/gcc\-2.7.0.tar/utar://
  3204. .fi
  3205. .PP
  3206. The latter specifies the full path of the tar archive.
  3207. .\"NODE " FIle transfer over SHell filesystem"
  3208. .SH " FIle transfer over SHell filesystem"
  3209. The shell file system is a network based file system that allows you to
  3210. manipulate the files in a remote machine as if they were local. To use
  3211. this, the other side has to have bash\-compatible shell.
  3212. .PP
  3213. To connect to a remote machine, you just need to chdir
  3214. into a special directory which name is in the following
  3215. format:
  3216. .PP
  3217. .I sh://[user@]machine[:options]/[remote\-dir]
  3218. .PP
  3219. The
  3220. .I user,
  3221. .I options
  3222. and
  3223. .I remote\-dir
  3224. elements are optional. If you specify the
  3225. .I user
  3226. element, Midnight Commander will try to login on the remote
  3227. machine as that user, otherwise it will use your login name.
  3228. .PP
  3229. The available
  3230. .I options
  3231. are:
  3232. .nf
  3233. 'C' \- use compression;
  3234. 'r' \- use rsh instead of ssh;
  3235. port \- specify the port used by remote server.
  3236. .fi
  3237. If the
  3238. .I remote\-dir
  3239. element is present, your current directory on the remote machine will be
  3240. set to this one.
  3241. .PP
  3242. Examples:
  3243. .PP
  3244. .nf
  3245. sh://onlyrsh.mx:r/linux/local
  3246. sh://joe@want.compression.edu:C/private
  3247. sh://joe@noncompressed.ssh.edu/private
  3248. sh://joe@somehost.ssh.edu:2222/private
  3249. .fi
  3250. .\"NODE " SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) filesystem"
  3251. .SH " SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) filesystem"
  3252. The SFTP file system is a network based file system that allows you to
  3253. manipulate the files in a remote machine as if they were local.
  3254. .PP
  3255. To connect to a remote machine, you just need to chdir
  3256. into a special directory which name is in the following
  3257. format:
  3258. .PP
  3259. .I sftp://[user@]machine:[port]/[remote\-dir]
  3260. .PP
  3261. The
  3262. .I user,
  3263. .I port
  3264. and
  3265. .I remote\-dir
  3266. elements are optional. If you specify the
  3267. .I user
  3268. element, Midnight Commander will try to login on the remote
  3269. machine as that user, otherwise it will use your login name.
  3270. .I port
  3271. \- specify the port used by remote server (22 by default).
  3272. If the
  3273. .I remote\-dir
  3274. element is present, your current directory on the remote machine will be
  3275. set to this one.
  3276. .PP
  3277. Examples:
  3278. .PP
  3279. .nf
  3280. sftp://onlyrsh.mx/linux/local
  3281. sftp://joe:password@want.compression.edu/private
  3282. sftp://joe@noncompressed.ssh.edu/private
  3283. sftp://joe@somehost.ssh.edu:2222/private
  3284. .fi
  3285. .PP
  3286. When establishing the connection, server key fingerprint is verified using
  3287. the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file. If the host/key pair is not found or the host is found,
  3288. but the key doesn't match, an appropriate message is shown.
  3289. There are three buttons in the message dialog:
  3290. .PP
  3291. .B [Yes]
  3292. add new host/key pair to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file and continue.
  3293. .PP
  3294. .B [Ignore]
  3295. do not add new host/key pair to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, but continue
  3296. nevertheless (at you own risk).
  3297. .PP
  3298. .B [No]
  3299. abort connection.
  3300. .\"NODE " Undelete File System"
  3301. .SH " Undelete File System"
  3302. On Linux systems, if you asked configure to use the ext2fs undelete
  3303. facilities, you will have the undelete file system available.
  3304. Recovery of deleted files is only available on ext2 file systems. The
  3305. undelete file system is just an interface to the ext2fs library to
  3306. retrieve all of the deleted files names on an ext2fs and provides and
  3307. to extract the selected files into a regular partition.
  3308. .PP
  3309. To use this file system, you have to chdir into the special file name
  3310. formed by the "undel://" prefix and the file name where the actual
  3311. file system resides.
  3312. .PP
  3313. For example, to recover deleted files on the second partition of the
  3314. first SCSI disk on Linux, you would use the following path name:
  3315. .PP
  3316. .nf
  3317. undel://sda2
  3318. .fi
  3319. .PP
  3320. It may take a while for the undelfs to load the required information
  3321. before you start browsing files there.
  3322. .\"NODE " EXTernal File System"
  3323. .SH " EXTernal File System"
  3324. .B extfs
  3325. allows you to integrate numerous features and file types into GNU Midnight
  3326. Commander in an easy way, by writing scripts.
  3327. .PP
  3328. Extfs filesystems can be divided into two categories:
  3329. .PP
  3330. 1. Stand\-alone filesystems, which are not associated with any existing
  3331. file. They represent certain system\-wide data as a directory tree.
  3332. You can invoke them by typing
  3333. .I "cd fsname://"
  3334. where fsname is an extfs short name (see below). Examples of such
  3335. filesystems include audio (list audio tracks on the CD) or apt (list of
  3336. all Debian packages in the system).
  3337. .PP
  3338. For example, to list CD\-Audio tracks on your CD\-ROM drive, type
  3339. .PP
  3340. .nf
  3341. cd audio://
  3342. .fi
  3343. .PP
  3344. 2. 'Archive' filesystems (like rpm, patchfs and more), which represent
  3345. contents of a file as a directory tree. It can consist of 'real' files
  3346. compressed in an archive (urar, rpm) or virtual files, like messages
  3347. in a mailbox (mailfs) or parts of a patch (patchfs). To access such
  3348. filesystems
  3349. .I fsname://
  3350. should be appended to the archive name. Note that the archive itself
  3351. can be on another vfs.
  3352. .PP
  3353. For example, to list contents of a zip archive documents.zip type
  3354. .PP
  3355. .nf
  3356. cd documents.zip/uzip://
  3357. .fi
  3358. .PP
  3359. In many aspects, you could treat extfs like any other directory. For
  3360. instance, you can add it to the hotlist or change to it from directory
  3361. history. An important limitation is that you cannot invoke shell
  3362. commands inside extfs, just like any other non\-local VFS.
  3363. .PP
  3364. Common extfs scripts included with Midnight Commander are:
  3365. .TP
  3366. .B a
  3367. access 'A:' DOS/Windows diskette
  3368. .RI ( "cd a://" ).
  3369. .TP
  3370. .B apt
  3371. front end to Debian's APT package management system
  3372. .RI ( "cd apt://" ).
  3373. .TP
  3374. .B audio
  3375. audio CD ripping and playing
  3376. .RI ( "cd audio://"
  3377. or
  3378. .IR "cd device/audio://" ).
  3379. .TP
  3380. .B bpp
  3381. package of Bad Penguin GNU/Linux distribution
  3382. .RI ( "cd file.bpp/bpp://" ).
  3383. .TP
  3384. .B deb
  3385. package of Debian GNU/Linux distribution
  3386. .RI ( "cd file.deb/deb://" ).
  3387. .TP
  3388. .B dpkg
  3389. Debian GNU/Linux installed packages
  3390. .RI ( "cd deb://" ).
  3391. .TP
  3392. .B hp48
  3393. view and copy files to/from a HP48 calculator
  3394. .RI ( "cd hp48://" ).
  3395. .TP
  3396. .B lslR
  3397. browsing of lslR listings as found on many FTPs
  3398. .RI ( "cd filename/lslR://" ).
  3399. .TP
  3400. .B mailfs
  3401. mbox\-style mailbox files support
  3402. .RI ( "cd mailbox/mailfs://" ).
  3403. .TP
  3404. .B patchfs
  3405. extfs to handle unified and context diffs
  3406. .RI ( "cd filename/patchfs://" ).
  3407. .TP
  3408. .B rpm
  3409. RPM package
  3410. .RI ( "cd filename/rpm://" ).
  3411. .TP
  3412. .B rpms
  3413. RPM database management
  3414. .RI ( "cd rpms://" ).
  3415. .TP
  3416. .B ulha, urar, uzip, uzoo, uar, uha
  3417. archivers
  3418. .RI ( "cd archive/xxxx://"
  3419. where xxxx is one of:
  3420. .IR ulha ,
  3421. .IR urar ,
  3422. .IR uzip ,
  3423. .IR uzoo ,
  3424. .IR uar ,
  3425. .IR uha ).
  3426. .PP
  3427. You could bind file type/extension to specified extfs as described in the
  3428. .\"LINK2"
  3429. Edit Extension File
  3430. .\"Edit Extension File"
  3431. section. Here is an example entry for Debian packages:
  3432. .PP
  3433. .nf
  3434. regex/\.deb$
  3435. Open=%cd %p/deb://
  3436. .fi
  3437. .\"NODE "Colors"
  3438. .SH "Colors"
  3439. Midnight Commander will try to detect if your terminal supports
  3440. color using the terminal database and your terminal name. Sometimes
  3441. it gets confused, so you may force color mode or disable color mode
  3442. using the \-c and \-b flag respectively.
  3443. .PP
  3444. If the program is compiled with the S\-Lang screen manager instead of
  3445. ncurses, it will also check the variable
  3446. .B COLORTERM,
  3447. if it is set, it has the same effect as the \-c flag.
  3448. .PP
  3449. You may specify terminals that always force color mode
  3450. by adding the
  3451. .I color_terminals
  3452. variable to the Colors section of the initialization file. This will
  3453. prevent Midnight Commander from trying to detect if your terminal
  3454. supports color. Example:
  3455. .PP
  3456. .nf
  3457. [Colors]
  3458. color_terminals=linux,xterm
  3459. color_terminals=terminal\-name1,terminal\-name2...
  3460. .fi
  3461. .PP
  3462. The program can be compiled with both ncurses and S\-Lang, ncurses does
  3463. not provide a way to force color mode: ncurses uses just the
  3464. information in the terminal database.
  3465. .PP
  3466. Midnight Commander provides a way to change the default colors.
  3467. Currently the colors are configured using the environment variable
  3468. .B MC_COLOR_TABLE
  3469. or the Colors section in the initialization file.
  3470. .PP
  3471. In the Colors section, the default color map is loaded from the
  3472. .I base_color
  3473. variable. You can specify an alternate color map for a terminal by
  3474. using the terminal name as the key in this section. Example:
  3475. .PP
  3476. .nf
  3477. [Colors]
  3478. base_color=
  3479. xterm=menu=magenta:marked=,magenta:markselect=,red
  3480. .fi
  3481. .PP
  3482. The format for the color definition is:
  3483. .PP
  3484. .nf
  3485. <keyword>=<fgcolor>,<bgcolor>,<attributes>:<keyword>=...
  3486. .fi
  3487. .PP
  3488. The colors are optional, and the keywords are: normal, selected, disabled, marked,
  3489. markselect, errors, input, inputmark, inputunchanged, commandlinemark,
  3490. reverse, gauge, header, inputhistory, commandhistory. Button bar colors are:
  3491. bbarhotkey, bbarbutton. Status bar color: statusbar. Menu colors are: menunormal,
  3492. menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel, menuinactive. Dialog colors are: dnormal, dfocus,
  3493. dhotnormal, dhotfocus, dtitle. Error dialog colors are: errdfocus, errdhotnormal,
  3494. errdhotfocus, errdtitle. Help colors are: helpnormal, helpitalic, helpbold,
  3495. helplink, helpslink, helptitle. Viewer colors are: viewnormal, viewbold,
  3496. viewunderline, viewselected. Editor colors are: editnormal, editbold, editmarked,
  3497. editwhitespace, editnonprintable, editlinestate. Popup menu colors are: pmenunormal,
  3498. pmenusel, pmenutitle.
  3499. .PP
  3500. .I header
  3501. determines the color of panel header, the line that contains column titles
  3502. and sort mode indicator.
  3503. .PP
  3504. .I input
  3505. determines the color of input lines used in query dialogs.
  3506. .PP
  3507. .I gauge
  3508. determines the color of the filled part of the progress bar (gauge),
  3509. which is used to show the user the progress of file operations, such as
  3510. copying.
  3511. .PP
  3512. .I disabled
  3513. determines the color of the widget that cannot be selected.
  3514. .PP
  3515. The dialog boxes use the following colors:
  3516. .I dnormal
  3517. is used for the normal text,
  3518. .I dfocus
  3519. is the color used for the currently selected component,
  3520. .I dhotnormal
  3521. is the color used to differentiate the hotkey color in normal
  3522. components, whereas the
  3523. .I dhotfocus
  3524. color is used for the highlighted color in the currently selected
  3525. component.
  3526. .PP
  3527. Menus use the same scheme but uses the menunormal, menusel, menuhot, menuhotsel
  3528. and menuinactive tags instead.
  3529. .PP
  3530. Help uses the following colors:
  3531. .I helpnormal
  3532. is used for normal text,
  3533. .I helpitalic
  3534. is used for text which is emphasized in italic in the manual page,
  3535. .I helpbold
  3536. is used for text which is emphasized in bold in the manual page,
  3537. .I helplink
  3538. is used for not selected hyperlinks and
  3539. .I helpslink
  3540. is used for selected hyperlink.
  3541. .PP
  3542. Popup menu uses following colors:
  3543. .I pmenunormal
  3544. is used for non\-selected menu items and as a main color of popup menu window,
  3545. .I pmenusel
  3546. is used for selected menu item,
  3547. .I pmenutitle
  3548. is used for popup menu title.
  3549. .PP
  3550. The possible colors are: black, gray, red, brightred, green,
  3551. brightgreen, brown, yellow, blue, brightblue, magenta, brightmagenta,
  3552. cyan, brightcyan, lightgray and white. And there is a special keyword
  3553. for transparent background. It is 'default'. The 'default' can only be
  3554. used for background color. Another special keyword "base" means mc's main
  3555. colors. When 256 colors are available, they can be specified either as
  3556. color16 to color255, or as rgb000 to rgb555 and gray0 to gray23. Example:
  3557. .PP
  3558. .nf
  3559. [Colors]
  3560. base_color=normal=white,default:marked=magenta,default
  3561. .fi
  3562. .PP
  3563. Attributes can be any of bold, italic, underline, reverse and blink, appended by a
  3564. plus sign if more than one are desired. The special word "none" means no
  3565. attributes, without attempting to fall back to base_color. Example:
  3566. .PP
  3567. .nf
  3568. menuhotsel=yellow;black;bold+underline
  3569. .fi
  3570. .\"NODE "Skins"
  3571. .SH "Skins"
  3572. You can change the appearance of Midnight Commander.
  3573. To do this, you must specify a file that contain descriptions of colors
  3574. and lines to draw boxes. Redefining of the colors is entirely compatible
  3575. with the assignment of colors, as described in Section
  3576. .\"LINK2"
  3577. Colors\&.
  3578. .\"Colors"
  3579. .PP
  3580. If your skin contains any true\-color definitions, you should define
  3581. the 'truecolors' key set to TRUE value in [skin] section. If true\-color
  3582. is not used but 256\-color is, you should define '256colors' instead.
  3583. .PP
  3584. A skin\-file is searched on the following algorithm (to the first one found):
  3585. .IP
  3586. .br
  3587. 1) command line option
  3588. .B \-S <skin>
  3589. or
  3590. .B \-\-skin=<skin>
  3591. .br
  3592. 2) Environment variable
  3593. .B MC_SKIN
  3594. .br
  3595. 3) Parameter
  3596. .B skin
  3597. in section
  3598. .B [Midnight\-Commander]
  3599. in config file.
  3600. .br
  3601. 4) File
  3602. .B %sysconfdir%/mc/skins/default.ini
  3603. .br
  3604. 5) File
  3605. .B %pkgdatadir%/skins/default.ini
  3606. .PP
  3607. Command line option, environment variable and parameter in config file may
  3608. contain the absolute path to the skin\-file (with the extension \.ini
  3609. or without it). Search of skin\-file will occur in (to the first one found):
  3610. .IP
  3611. 1)
  3612. .B ~/.local/share/mc/skins/
  3613. .br
  3614. 2)
  3615. .B %sysconfdir%/mc/skins/
  3616. .br
  3617. 3)
  3618. .B %pkgdatadir%/skins/
  3619. .br
  3620. .PP
  3621. For getting extended info, refer to:
  3622. .IP
  3623. .\"LINK2"
  3624. Description of section and parameters
  3625. .\"Skins sections"
  3626. .br
  3627. .\"LINK2"
  3628. Color pair definitions
  3629. .\"Skins colors"
  3630. .br
  3631. .\"LINK2"
  3632. Color and attribute aliases
  3633. .\"Skins aliases"
  3634. .br
  3635. .\"LINK2"
  3636. Draw lines
  3637. .\"Skins lines"
  3638. .br
  3639. .\"LINK2"
  3640. Compatibility
  3641. .\"Skins oldcolors"
  3642. .br
  3643. .\"NODE " Skins sections"
  3644. .SH " Description of section and parameters"
  3645. Section
  3646. .B [skin]
  3647. contain metainfo for skin\-file. Parameter
  3648. .I description
  3649. contain short text about skin.
  3650. .PP
  3651. Section
  3652. .B [filehighlight]
  3653. contain descriptions of color pairs for filenames highlighting.
  3654. Name of parameters must be equal to names of sections into
  3655. filehighlight.ini file.
  3656. See
  3657. .\"LINK2"
  3658. Filenames Highlight
  3659. .\"Filenames Highlight"
  3660. for getting more info.
  3661. .PP
  3662. Section
  3663. .B [core]
  3664. describes the elements that are used everywhere.
  3665. .TP
  3666. .I _default_
  3667. Default color pair. Used in all other sections if they not contain
  3668. color definitions
  3669. .TP
  3670. .I selected
  3671. cursor
  3672. .TP
  3673. .I marked
  3674. selected data
  3675. .TP
  3676. .I markselect
  3677. cursor on selected data
  3678. .TP
  3679. .I gauge
  3680. color of the filled part of the progress bar
  3681. .TP
  3682. .I input
  3683. color of input lines used in query dialogs
  3684. .TP
  3685. .I inputmark
  3686. color of input selected text
  3687. .TP
  3688. .I inputunchanged
  3689. color of input text before first modification or cursor movement
  3690. .TP
  3691. .I commandlinemark
  3692. color of selected text in command line
  3693. .TP
  3694. .I reverse
  3695. reverse color
  3696. .PP
  3697. Section
  3698. .B [dialog]
  3699. describes the elements that are placed on dialog windows (except error dialogs).
  3700. .TP
  3701. .I _default_
  3702. Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
  3703. .TP
  3704. .I dfocus
  3705. Color of active element (in focus)
  3706. .TP
  3707. .I dhotnormal
  3708. Color of hotkeys
  3709. .TP
  3710. .I dhotfocus
  3711. Color of hotkeys in focused element
  3712. .PP
  3713. Section
  3714. .B [error]
  3715. describes the elements that are placed on error dialog windows
  3716. .TP
  3717. .I _default_
  3718. Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
  3719. .TP
  3720. .I errdhotnormal
  3721. Color of hotkeys
  3722. .TP
  3723. .I errdhotfocus
  3724. Color of hotkeys in focused element
  3725. .PP
  3726. Section
  3727. .B [menu]
  3728. describes the elements that are placed in menu. This section describes
  3729. system menu (called by F9) and user\-defined menus (called by F2 in panels
  3730. and by F11 in editor).
  3731. .TP
  3732. .I _default_
  3733. Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
  3734. .TP
  3735. .I entry
  3736. Color of menu items
  3737. .TP
  3738. .I menuhot
  3739. Color of menu hotkeys
  3740. .TP
  3741. .I menusel
  3742. Color of active menu item (in focus)
  3743. .TP
  3744. .I menuhotsel
  3745. Color of menu hotkeys in focused menu item
  3746. .TP
  3747. .I menuinactive
  3748. Color of inactive menu
  3749. .PP
  3750. Section
  3751. .B [help]
  3752. describes the elements that are placed on help window.
  3753. .TP
  3754. .I _default_
  3755. Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
  3756. .TP
  3757. .I helpitalic
  3758. Color pair for element with
  3759. .B italic
  3760. attribute
  3761. .TP
  3762. .I helpbold
  3763. Color pair for element with
  3764. .B bold
  3765. attribute
  3766. .TP
  3767. .I helplink
  3768. Color of links
  3769. .TP
  3770. .I helpslink
  3771. Color of active link (on focus)
  3772. .PP
  3773. Section
  3774. .B [editor]
  3775. describes the colors of elements placed in editor.
  3776. .TP
  3777. .I _default_
  3778. Default color for this section. Used [core]._default_ if not specified
  3779. .TP
  3780. .I editbold
  3781. Color pair for element with
  3782. .B bold
  3783. attribute
  3784. .TP
  3785. .I editmarked
  3786. Color of selected text
  3787. .TP
  3788. .I editwhitespace
  3789. Color of tabs and trailing spaces highlighting
  3790. .TP
  3791. .I editlinestate
  3792. Color for line state area
  3793. .PP
  3794. Section
  3795. .B [viewer]
  3796. describes the colors of elements placed in viewer.
  3797. .TP
  3798. .I viewunderline
  3799. Color pair for element with
  3800. .B underline
  3801. attribute
  3802. .\"NODE " Skins colors"
  3803. .SH " Color pair definitions"
  3804. Any parameter in skin\-file contain definition of color pair.
  3805. .PP
  3806. Color pairs described as two colors and the optional attributes
  3807. separated by ';'. First field sets the foreground color, second
  3808. field sets background color, third field sets the attributes.
  3809. Any of the fields may be omitted, in this case value will be
  3810. taken from default color pair (global color pair or from default
  3811. color pair of this section).
  3812. .PP
  3813. Example:
  3814. .br
  3815. .nf
  3816. [core]
  3817. # green on black
  3818. _default_=green;black
  3819. # green (default) on blue
  3820. selected=;blue
  3821. # yellow on black (default)
  3822. # underlined yellow on black (default)
  3823. marked=yellow;;underline
  3824. .fi
  3825. .PP
  3826. Possible colors (names) and attributes are described in
  3827. .\"LINK2"
  3828. Colors\&.
  3829. .\"Colors"
  3830. section.
  3831. .\"NODE " Skins aliases"
  3832. .SH " Color and attribute aliases"
  3833. This optional section might define aliases for single colors (not color pairs)
  3834. as well as combination of attributes; in other words, for semicolon\-separated
  3835. fragments of parameters. Aliases can refer to other aliases as long as they
  3836. don't form a loop.
  3837. .PP
  3838. Example:
  3839. .br
  3840. .nf
  3841. [aliases]
  3842. myfavfg=green
  3843. myfavbg=black
  3844. myfavattr=bold+italic
  3845. [core]
  3846. _default_=myfavfg;myfavbg;myfavattr
  3847. .fi
  3848. .\"NODE " Skins lines"
  3849. .SH " Draw lines"
  3850. Lines sets in section
  3851. .B [Lines]
  3852. into skin\-file. By default single lines are used, but you may redefine
  3853. to usage of any utf\-8 symbols (like to lines, for example).
  3854. .PP
  3855. .I WARNING!!!
  3856. When you build Midnight Commander with the ncurses screen library
  3857. usage of drawing lines is limited!
  3858. Possible only drawing a single lines.
  3859. For all questions and comments please contact the developers of ncurses.
  3860. .PP
  3861. Descriptions of parameters
  3862. .BR [Lines] :
  3863. .TP
  3864. .I lefttop
  3865. left\-top line fragment.
  3866. .TP
  3867. .I righttop
  3868. right\-top line fragment.
  3869. .TP
  3870. .I centertop
  3871. down branch of horizontal line
  3872. .TP
  3873. .I centerbottom
  3874. up branch of horizontal line
  3875. .TP
  3876. .I leftbottom
  3877. left\-bottom line fragment
  3878. .TP
  3879. .I rightbottom
  3880. right\-bottom line fragment
  3881. .TP
  3882. .I leftmiddle
  3883. right branch of vertical line
  3884. .TP
  3885. .I rightmiddle
  3886. left branch of vertical line
  3887. .TP
  3888. .I centermiddle
  3889. cross of lines
  3890. .TP
  3891. .I horiz
  3892. horizontal line
  3893. .TP
  3894. .I vert
  3895. vertical line
  3896. .TP
  3897. .I thinhoriz
  3898. thin horizontal line
  3899. .TP
  3900. .I thinvert
  3901. thin vertical line
  3902. .\"NODE " Skins oldcolors"
  3903. .SH " Compatibility"
  3904. Appointment of color by skin\-files fully compatible with
  3905. the appointment of the colors described in
  3906. .\"LINK2"
  3907. Colors\&.
  3908. .\"Colors"
  3909. section.
  3910. .PP
  3911. In this case, reassignment of colors has priority over the skin file and is
  3912. complementary.
  3913. .\"NODE "Filenames Highlight"
  3914. .SH "Filenames Highlight"
  3915. Section [filehighlight] in current skin\-file contains key names as
  3916. highlight groups and values as color pairs. Color pairs is documented
  3917. in
  3918. .\"LINK2"
  3919. Skins
  3920. .\"Skins"
  3921. section.
  3922. .PP
  3923. Rules of filenames highlight are placed in %pkgdatadir%/filehighlight.ini file
  3924. (~/.config/mc/filehighlight.ini).
  3925. Name of section in this file must be equal to parameters names in
  3926. [filehighlight] section (in current skin\-file).
  3927. .PP
  3928. Keys in these groups are:
  3929. .TP
  3930. .I type
  3931. file type. If present, all other options are ignored.
  3932. .TP
  3933. .I regexp
  3934. regular expression. If present, 'extensions' option is ignored.
  3935. .TP
  3936. .I extensions
  3937. list of extensions of files. Separated by ';' sign.
  3938. .TP
  3939. .I extensions_case
  3940. (make sense only with 'extensions' parameter) make 'extensions'
  3941. rule case sensitive (true) or not (false).
  3942. .PP
  3943. `type' key may have values:
  3944. .nf
  3945. \- FILE (all files)
  3946. \- FILE_EXE
  3947. \- DIR (all directories)
  3948. \- LINK_DIR
  3949. \- LINK (all links except stale link)
  3950. \- HARDLINK
  3951. \- SYMLINK
  3952. \- STALE_LINK
  3953. \- DEVICE (all device files)
  3954. \- DEVICE_BLOCK
  3955. \- DEVICE_CHAR
  3956. \- SPECIAL (all special files)
  3957. \- SPECIAL_SOCKET
  3958. \- SPECIAL_FIFO
  3959. \- SPECIAL_DOOR
  3960. .fi
  3961. .PP
  3962. .\"NODE "Special Settings"
  3963. .SH "Special Settings"
  3964. Most of Midnight Commander settings can be changed from the
  3965. menus. However, there are a small number of settings which can only be
  3966. changed by editing the setup file.
  3967. .PP
  3968. These variables may be set in your ~/.config/mc/ini file:
  3969. .TP
  3970. .I clear_before_exec
  3971. By default, Midnight Commander clears the screen before executing a
  3972. command. If you would prefer to see the output of the command at the
  3973. bottom of the screen, edit your ~/.config/mc/ini file and change the value of
  3974. the field clear_before_exec to 0.
  3975. .TP
  3976. .I confirm_view_dir
  3977. If you press F3 on a directory, normally MC enters that directory. If
  3978. this flag is set to 1, then MC will ask for confirmation before changing
  3979. the directory if you have files tagged.
  3980. .TP
  3981. .I ftpfs_retry_seconds
  3982. This value is the number of seconds Midnight Commander will wait
  3983. before attempting to reconnect to an FTP server that has denied the
  3984. login. If the value is zero, the login will no be retried.
  3985. .TP
  3986. .I max_dirt_limit
  3987. Specifies how many screen updates can be skipped at most in the internal
  3988. file viewer. Normally this value is not significant, because the code
  3989. automatically adjusts the number of updates to skip according to the
  3990. rate of incoming keystrokes. However, on very slow machines or
  3991. terminals with a fast keyboard auto repeat, a big value can make screen
  3992. updates too jumpy.
  3993. .IP
  3994. It seems that setting max_dirt_limit to 10 causes the best behavior,
  3995. and that is the default value.
  3996. .TP
  3997. .I mouse_move_pages_viewer
  3998. Controls if scrolling with the mouse is done by pages or line by line
  3999. on the internal file viewer.
  4000. .TP
  4001. .I only_leading_plus_minus
  4002. Allow special treatment for '+', '\-', '*' in the command line (select,
  4003. unselect, reverse selection) only if the command line is empty. You
  4004. don't need to quote those characters in the middle of the command line.
  4005. On the other hand, you cannot use them to change selection when the
  4006. command line is not empty.
  4007. .TP
  4008. .I alternate_plus_minus
  4009. If true, use '+', '\-', '\\' and '*' keys normally. For select/unselect,
  4010. use 'Alt\-+', 'Alt\--' and 'Alt\-*'.
  4011. .TP
  4012. .I show_output_starts_shell
  4013. This variable only works if you are not using the subshell support.
  4014. When you use the C\-o keystroke to go back to the user screen, if this
  4015. one is set, you will get a fresh shell. Otherwise, pressing any key
  4016. will bring you back to Midnight Commander.
  4017. .TP
  4018. .I timeformat_recent
  4019. Change the time format used to display dates less than 6 months from
  4020. now.
  4021. See strftime or date man page for the format specification. If this
  4022. option is absent, default timeformat is used.
  4023. .TP
  4024. .I timeformat_old
  4025. Change the time format used to display dates older than 6 months from
  4026. now or for dates in the future.
  4027. See strftime or date man page for the format specification. If this
  4028. option is absent, default timeformat is used.
  4029. .TP
  4030. .I torben_fj_mode
  4031. If this flag is set, then the home and end keys will work slightly
  4032. different on the panels, instead of moving the selection to the first
  4033. and last files in the panels, they will act as follows:
  4034. .IP
  4035. The home key will: Go up to the middle line, if below it; else go to the
  4036. top line unless it is already on the top line, in this case it will go
  4037. to the first file in the panel.
  4038. .IP
  4039. The end key has a similar behavior: Go down to the middle line, if over
  4040. it; else go to the bottom line unless you already are at the bottom
  4041. line, in such case it will move the selection to the last file name in
  4042. the panel.
  4043. .TP
  4044. .I use_file_to_guess_type
  4045. If this variable is on (the default) it will spawn the file command to
  4046. match the file types listed on the
  4047. .\"LINK2"
  4048. mc.ext.ini file\&.
  4049. .\"Edit Extension File"
  4050. .TP
  4051. .I xtree_mode
  4052. If this variable is on (default is off) when you browse the file system
  4053. on a Tree panel, it will automatically reload the other panel with the
  4054. contents of the selected directory.
  4055. .TP
  4056. .I shell_directory_timeout
  4057. This variable holds the lifetime of a directory cache entry in seconds. The
  4058. default value is 900 seconds.
  4059. .TP
  4060. .I clipboard_store
  4061. This variable contains path (with options) to the external clipboard
  4062. utility like 'xclip' to read text into X selection from file.
  4063. For example:
  4064. .PP
  4065. .nf
  4066. clipboard_store=xclip \-i
  4067. .fi
  4068. .TP
  4069. .I clipboard_paste
  4070. This variable contains path (with options) to the external clipboard
  4071. utility like 'xclip' to print the selection to standard out.
  4072. For example:
  4073. .PP
  4074. .nf
  4075. clipboard_paste=xclip \-o
  4076. .fi
  4077. .TP
  4078. .I autodetect_codeset
  4079. This option allows use the `enca' command to autodetect codeset of text files
  4080. in internal viewer and editor. List of valid values can be obtain by the
  4081. `enca \-\-list languages | cut \-d : \-f1' command. Option must be located
  4082. in the [Misc] section.
  4083. .PP
  4084. For example:
  4085. .PP
  4086. .nf
  4087. autodetect_codeset=russian
  4088. .fi
  4089. .\"NODE "Parameters for external editor or viewer"
  4090. .SH "Parameters for external editor or viewer"
  4091. Midnight Commander provides a way for specify an options for external editors
  4092. and viewers. Midnight Commander tries to search the
  4093. "[External editor or viewer parameters]" section in the system initialization file
  4094. (the mc.lib file located in Midnight Commander's library directory)
  4095. and then in the ~/.config/mc/ini file. The option name should be equal to the name
  4096. (full pathname) of external editor or viewer. The option value can contain following
  4097. variables:
  4098. .TP
  4099. .I %filename
  4100. The filename to edit/view.
  4101. .TP
  4102. .I %lineno
  4103. The start line in the opening file.
  4104. .PP
  4105. For example:
  4106. .PP
  4107. .nf
  4108. [External editor or viewer parameters]
  4109. vi=%filename +%lineno
  4110. joe=%filename +%lineno
  4111. more=%filename +%lineno
  4112. .fi
  4113. .PP
  4114. Start line is passed to the external editor/viewer only if it is called from the
  4115. .\"LINK2"
  4116. Find file
  4117. .\"Find File"
  4118. results window.
  4119. .PP
  4120. If external editor/viewer is launched via F4/F3 keys, MC hopes that program
  4121. (at least "joe", but probably others too) has an own feature that by default
  4122. opens the file where it was last open. MC doesn't prevent external editor/viewer
  4123. to save and restore position in opened files.
  4124. .\"NODE "Terminal databases"
  4125. .SH "Terminal databases"
  4126. Midnight Commander provides a way to fix your system terminal
  4127. database without requiring root privileges. Midnight Commander
  4128. searches in the system initialization file (the mc.lib file located in
  4129. Midnight Commander's library directory) and in the
  4130. ~/.config/mc/ini file for the section
  4131. "terminal:your\-terminal\-name" and then for the section
  4132. "terminal:general", each line of the section contains a key symbol that
  4133. you want to define, followed by an equal sign and the definition for the
  4134. key. You can use the special \\e form to represent the escape character
  4135. and the ^x to represent the control\-x character.
  4136. .PP
  4137. The possible key symbols are:
  4138. .PP
  4139. .nf
  4140. f0 to f20 Function keys f0\-f20
  4141. bs backspace
  4142. home home key
  4143. end end key
  4144. up up arrow key
  4145. down down arrow key
  4146. left left arrow key
  4147. right right arrow key
  4148. pgdn page down key
  4149. pgup page up key
  4150. insert the insert character
  4151. delete the delete character
  4152. complete to do completion
  4153. .fi
  4154. .PP
  4155. For example, to define the key insert to be the Escape + [ + O + p, you
  4156. set this in the ini file:
  4157. .PP
  4158. .nf
  4159. insert=\\e[Op
  4160. .fi
  4161. .PP
  4162. Also now you can use
  4163. .I extended learn keys.
  4164. For example:
  4165. .nf
  4166. ctrl\-alt\-right=\\e[[1;6C
  4167. ctrl\-alt\-left=\\e[[1;6D
  4168. .fi
  4169. .PP
  4170. This means that ctrl+alt+left sends a \\e[[1;6D escape sequence
  4171. and therefore Midnight Commander interprets "\\e[[1;6D" as C\-Alt\-Left.
  4172. .PP
  4173. The
  4174. .I complete
  4175. key symbol represents the escape sequences used to invoke the completion
  4176. process, this is invoked with Alt\-tab, but you can define other keys to do
  4177. the same work (on those keyboard with tons of nice and unused keys
  4178. everywhere).
  4179. .SH ""
  4180. .\"NODE "FILES"
  4181. .SH "FILES"
  4182. Full paths below may vary between installations. They are also affected
  4183. by the
  4184. .B MC_DATADIR
  4185. environment variable. If it's set, its value is used instead of
  4186. %pkgdatadir% in the paths below.
  4187. .PP
  4188. .I %pkgdatadir%/help/mc.hlp
  4189. .IP
  4190. The help file for the program.
  4191. .PP
  4192. .I %pkgdatadir%/mc.ext.ini
  4193. .IP
  4194. The default system\-wide extensions file.
  4195. .PP
  4196. .I ~/.config/mc/mc.ext.ini
  4197. .IP
  4198. User's own extension, view configuration and edit configuration
  4199. file. They override the contents of the system wide files if present.
  4200. .PP
  4201. .I %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.ini
  4202. .RE
  4203. .I %pkgdatadir%/mc.ini
  4204. .IP
  4205. System\-wide setup files for Midnight Commander, used only if the user
  4206. doesn't have his own
  4207. .B ~/.config/mc/ini
  4208. file. If %sysconfdir%/mc/mc.ini exists, %pkgdatadir%/mc.ini isn't used.
  4209. .PP
  4210. .I %pkgdatadir%/mc.lib
  4211. .IP
  4212. Global settings for Midnight Commander. Settings in this file
  4213. affect all users, whether they have ~/.config/mc/ini or not. Currently, only
  4214. .\"LINK2"
  4215. terminal settings
  4216. .\"Terminal databases"
  4217. are loaded from mc.lib.
  4218. .PP
  4219. .I ~/.config/mc/ini
  4220. .IP
  4221. User's own setup. If this file is present then the setup is loaded
  4222. from here instead of the system\-wide startup file.
  4223. .PP
  4224. .I %pkgdatadir%/hints/mc.hint
  4225. .IP
  4226. This file contains the hints displayed by the program.
  4227. .PP
  4228. .I %pkgdatadir%/mc.menu
  4229. .IP
  4230. This file contains the default system\-wide applications menu.
  4231. .PP
  4232. .I ~/.config/mc/menu
  4233. .IP
  4234. User's own application menu. If this file is present it is used instead
  4235. of the system\-wide applications menu.
  4236. .PP
  4237. .I ~/.cache/mc/Tree
  4238. .IP
  4239. The directory list for the directory tree and tree view features.
  4240. .PP
  4241. .I ~/.local/share/mc.menu
  4242. .IP
  4243. Local user\-defined menu. If this file is present, it is used instead of
  4244. the home or system\-wide applications menu.
  4245. .PP
  4246. To change default root directory of MC, you can use
  4247. .B MC_PROFILE_ROOT
  4248. environment variable. The value of MC_PROFILE_ROOT must be an absolute path.
  4249. If MC_PROFILE_ROOT is unset or empty, HOME variable is used. If HOME is unset
  4250. or empty, MC directories are get from GLib library.
  4251. .\"SKIP_SECTION"
  4252. .SH "LICENSE"
  4253. This program is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public
  4254. License as published by the Free Software Foundation. See the built\-in
  4255. help for details on the License and the lack of warranty.
  4256. .\"NODE "AVAILABILITY"
  4257. .SH "AVAILABILITY"
  4258. The latest version of this program can be found at
  4259. http://ftp.midnight\-commander.org/.
  4260. .\"NODE "SEE ALSO"
  4261. .SH "SEE ALSO"
  4262. ed(1), gpm(1), terminfo(1), view(1), sh(1), bash(1),
  4263. tcsh(1), zsh(1).
  4264. .PP
  4265. .nf
  4266. Midnight Commander's page on the World Wide Web:
  4267. https://www.midnight\-commander.org/
  4268. .fi
  4269. .\"NODE "AUTHORS"
  4270. .SH "AUTHORS"
  4271. Authors and contributors are listed in the AUTHORS file in the source
  4272. distribution.
  4273. .\"NODE "BUGS"
  4274. .SH "BUGS"
  4275. See the file TODO in the distribution for information on what remains to
  4276. be done.
  4277. .PP
  4278. If you want to report a problem with the program, please create bugreport
  4279. at https://www.midnight\-commander.org/.
  4280. .PP
  4281. Provide a detailed description of the bug, the version of the program
  4282. you are running
  4283. .RI ( "mc \-V"
  4284. displays this information), the operating system you are running the
  4285. program on. If the program crashes, we would appreciate a stack trace.