The Blackletter (also called Brokenscript) style is a historical classification that relates to typefaces that initially arose—and/or became popular in—medieval Europe. Blackletter typefaces are also sometimes referred to as Frakturs, although Fraktur is a specific style of blackletter, as are Textura, Schwabacher, Rotunda, Bastarda, etc.
It’s important to note that, like all historical classifications, Blackletter typefaces that fit this style don’t necessarily come from this period in history.