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- # <pre>
- # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
- # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
- # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
- # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
- # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
- # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
- # </a>
- # and
- # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
- # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
- # </a>
- # for information.
- # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
- #
- # Except for the French entries,
- # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
- # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
- # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
- Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
- Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
- Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
- Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
- Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
- Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
- Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
- # which is used below in specifying the transition.
- Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
- Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
- Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
- # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
- Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
- Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
- Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
- Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
- Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
- Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
- Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
- Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
- Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
- # Argentina - year-round bases
- # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
- # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
- # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
- # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
- # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
- # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
- # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
- # Australia - territories
- # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
- # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
- # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
- # Margaret Turner reports
- # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
- # presumably this is when they have visitors.
- #
- # year-round bases
- # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
- # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
- # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
- # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
- # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
- # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
- # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
- # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
- # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
- # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
- #
- # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
- # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
- # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
- # </a>
- #
- # We have more background information here:
- # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
- # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
- # </a>
- # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
- # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
- # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
- # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
- # on 4 April.
- #
- # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
- # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
- # has not been decided yet.
- #
- # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
- # 20:00 UTC.
- #
- # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
- #
- # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
- # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
- #
- # Background:
- # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
- # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
- # </a>
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
- 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- # Western (Aus) Standard Time
- 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
- # Casey Time
- 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
- 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
- 8:00 - WST
- Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
- 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
- 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
- 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
- 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
- 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
- 7:00 - DAVT
- Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
- 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
- # Mawson Time
- 5:00 - MAWT
- Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
- 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
- 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
- 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
- # References:
- # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
- # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
- # </a>
- # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
- # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
- # </a>
- # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
- # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
- # </a>
- # Brazil - year-round base
- # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
- # Chile - year-round bases and towns
- # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
- # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
- # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
- # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
- # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
- # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
- # China - year-round bases
- # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
- # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
- # France - year-round bases
- #
- # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
- # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
- # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
- # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
- # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
- # from Tasmania.
- #
- # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
- #
- # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
- # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
- # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
- # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
- #
- # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
- # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
- #
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
- 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
- #
- # year-round base in the main continent
- # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
- #
- # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
- # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
- #
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
- 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
- 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
- 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
- # Reference:
- # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
- # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
- # </a>
- # Germany - year-round base
- # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
- # India - year-round base
- # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
- # Japan - year-round bases
- # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
- # Syowa, -690022+0393524
- #
- # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
- # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
- #
- # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
- # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
- # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
- 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
- # See:
- # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
- # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
- # </a>
- # S Korea - year-round base
- # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
- # New Zealand - claims
- # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
- # Scott Island (never inhabited)
- #
- # year-round base
- # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
- #
- # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
- Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
- Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
- Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
- Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
- Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
- Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
- Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
- Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
- Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
- # Norway - territories
- # Bouvet (never inhabited)
- #
- # claims
- # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
- # Poland - year-round base
- # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
- # Russia - year-round bases
- # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
- # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
- # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
- # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
- # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
- # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
- # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
- # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
- # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
- # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
- # time as Moscow, Russia.
- #
- # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
- # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
- # what they had to say about time there:
- # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
- # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
- # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
- # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
- # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
- #
- # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
- # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
- # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
- # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
- # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
- # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
- # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
- # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
- #
- Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
- 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
- # S Africa - year-round bases
- # Marion Island, -4653+03752
- # Sanae, -7141-00250
- # UK
- #
- # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
- # South Orkney Islands
- # scientific station from 1903
- # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
- # South Shetland Islands
- #
- # year-round bases
- # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
- # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
- # scientific station 1943/1967,
- # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
- # and a garrison was deployed briefly
- # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
- # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
- # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
- # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
- #
- # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
- # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
- #
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
- -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
- # Uruguay - year round base
- # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
- # USA - year-round bases
- #
- # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
- #
- # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
- # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
- # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
- # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
- # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
- # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
- #
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
- -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
- -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
- -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
- #
- #
- # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
- Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
- 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
- #
- # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
- #
- # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
- # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
- # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
- #
- # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
- # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
- # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
- # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
- # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
- # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
- # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
- #
- # From Susan Smith
- # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
- # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
- # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
- # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
- # One last quirk about South Pole time.
- # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
- # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
- # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
- # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
- # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
- #
- Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
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