@chapter Encoders
@c man begin ENCODERS

Encoders are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow the encoding of
multimedia streams.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported native encoders
are enabled by default. Encoders requiring an external library must be enabled
manually via the corresponding @code{--enable-lib} option. You can list all
available encoders using the configure option @code{--list-encoders}.

You can disable all the encoders with the configure option
@code{--disable-encoders} and selectively enable / disable single encoders
with the options @code{--enable-encoder=@var{ENCODER}} /
@code{--disable-encoder=@var{ENCODER}}.

The option @code{-codecs} of the ff* tools will display the list of
enabled encoders.

@c man end ENCODERS

@chapter Audio Encoders
@c man begin AUDIO ENCODERS

A description of some of the currently available audio encoders
follows.

@section ac3 and ac3_fixed

AC-3 audio encoders.

These encoders implement part of ATSC A/52:2010 and ETSI TS 102 366, as well as
the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet).

The @var{ac3} encoder uses floating-point math, while the @var{ac3_fixed}
encoder only uses fixed-point integer math. This does not mean that one is
always faster, just that one or the other may be better suited to a
particular system. The floating-point encoder will generally produce better
quality audio for a given bitrate. The @var{ac3_fixed} encoder is not the
default codec for any of the output formats, so it must be specified explicitly
using the option @code{-acodec ac3_fixed} in order to use it.

@subsection AC-3 Metadata

The AC-3 metadata options are used to set parameters that describe the audio,
but in most cases do not affect the audio encoding itself. Some of the options
do directly affect or influence the decoding and playback of the resulting
bitstream, while others are just for informational purposes. A few of the
options will add bits to the output stream that could otherwise be used for
audio data, and will thus affect the quality of the output. Those will be
indicated accordingly with a note in the option list below.

These parameters are described in detail in several publicly-available
documents.
@itemize
@item @uref{http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a_52-2010.pdf,A/52:2010 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard}
@item @uref{http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a_54a_with_corr_1.pdf,A/54 - Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard}
@item @uref{http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/18_Metadata.Guide.pdf,Dolby Metadata Guide}
@item @uref{http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/46_DDEncodingGuidelines.pdf,Dolby Digital Professional Encoding Guidelines}
@end itemize

@subsubsection Metadata Control Options

@table @option

@item -per_frame_metadata @var{boolean}
Allow Per-Frame Metadata. Specifies if the encoder should check for changing
metadata for each frame.
@table @option
@item 0
The metadata values set at initialization will be used for every frame in the
stream. (default)
@item 1
Metadata values can be changed before encoding each frame.
@end table

@end table

@subsubsection Downmix Levels

@table @option

@item -center_mixlev @var{level}
Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the center
channel when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the
bitstream if a center channel is present. The value is specified as a scale
factor. There are 3 valid values:
@table @option
@item 0.707
Apply -3dB gain
@item 0.595
Apply -4.5dB gain (default)
@item 0.500
Apply -6dB gain
@end table

@item -surround_mixlev @var{level}
Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the surround
channel(s) when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the
bitstream if one or more surround channels are present. The value is specified
as a scale factor.  There are 3 valid values:
@table @option
@item 0.707
Apply -3dB gain
@item 0.500
Apply -6dB gain (default)
@item 0.000
Silence Surround Channel(s)
@end table

@end table

@subsubsection Audio Production Information
Audio Production Information is optional information describing the mixing
environment.  Either none or both of the fields are written to the bitstream.

@table @option

@item -mixing_level @var{number}
Mixing Level. Specifies peak sound pressure level (SPL) in the production
environment when the mix was mastered. Valid values are 80 to 111, or -1 for
unknown or not indicated. The default value is -1, but that value cannot be
used if the Audio Production Information is written to the bitstream. Therefore,
if the @code{room_type} option is not the default value, the @code{mixing_level}
option must not be -1.

@item -room_type @var{type}
Room Type. Describes the equalization used during the final mixing session at
the studio or on the dubbing stage. A large room is a dubbing stage with the
industry standard X-curve equalization; a small room has flat equalization.
This field will not be written to the bitstream if both the @code{mixing_level}
option and the @code{room_type} option have the default values.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx notindicated
Not Indicated (default)
@item 1
@itemx large
Large Room
@item 2
@itemx small
Small Room
@end table

@end table

@subsubsection Other Metadata Options

@table @option

@item -copyright @var{boolean}
Copyright Indicator. Specifies whether a copyright exists for this audio.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx off
No Copyright Exists (default)
@item 1
@itemx on
Copyright Exists
@end table

@item -dialnorm @var{value}
Dialogue Normalization. Indicates how far the average dialogue level of the
program is below digital 100% full scale (0 dBFS). This parameter determines a
level shift during audio reproduction that sets the average volume of the
dialogue to a preset level. The goal is to match volume level between program
sources. A value of -31dB will result in no volume level change, relative to
the source volume, during audio reproduction. Valid values are whole numbers in
the range -31 to -1, with -31 being the default.

@item -dsur_mode @var{mode}
Dolby Surround Mode. Specifies whether the stereo signal uses Dolby Surround
(Pro Logic). This field will only be written to the bitstream if the audio
stream is stereo. Using this option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually
apply Dolby Surround processing.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx notindicated
Not Indicated (default)
@item 1
@itemx off
Not Dolby Surround Encoded
@item 2
@itemx on
Dolby Surround Encoded
@end table

@item -original @var{boolean}
Original Bit Stream Indicator. Specifies whether this audio is from the
original source and not a copy.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx off
Not Original Source
@item 1
@itemx on
Original Source (default)
@end table

@end table

@subsection Extended Bitstream Information
The extended bitstream options are part of the Alternate Bit Stream Syntax as
specified in Annex D of the A/52:2010 standard. It is grouped into 2 parts.
If any one parameter in a group is specified, all values in that group will be
written to the bitstream.  Default values are used for those that are written
but have not been specified.  If the mixing levels are written, the decoder
will use these values instead of the ones specified in the @code{center_mixlev}
and @code{surround_mixlev} options if it supports the Alternate Bit Stream
Syntax.

@subsubsection Extended Bitstream Information - Part 1

@table @option

@item -dmix_mode @var{mode}
Preferred Stereo Downmix Mode. Allows the user to select either Lt/Rt
(Dolby Surround) or Lo/Ro (normal stereo) as the preferred stereo downmix mode.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx notindicated
Not Indicated (default)
@item 1
@itemx ltrt
Lt/Rt Downmix Preferred
@item 2
@itemx loro
Lo/Ro Downmix Preferred
@end table

@item -ltrt_cmixlev @var{level}
Lt/Rt Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the
center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode.
@table @option
@item 1.414
Apply +3dB gain
@item 1.189
Apply +1.5dB gain
@item 1.000
Apply 0dB gain
@item 0.841
Apply -1.5dB gain
@item 0.707
Apply -3.0dB gain
@item 0.595
Apply -4.5dB gain (default)
@item 0.500
Apply -6.0dB gain
@item 0.000
Silence Center Channel
@end table

@item -ltrt_surmixlev @var{level}
Lt/Rt Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the
surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode.
@table @option
@item 0.841
Apply -1.5dB gain
@item 0.707
Apply -3.0dB gain
@item 0.595
Apply -4.5dB gain
@item 0.500
Apply -6.0dB gain (default)
@item 0.000
Silence Surround Channel(s)
@end table

@item -loro_cmixlev @var{level}
Lo/Ro Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the
center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode.
@table @option
@item 1.414
Apply +3dB gain
@item 1.189
Apply +1.5dB gain
@item 1.000
Apply 0dB gain
@item 0.841
Apply -1.5dB gain
@item 0.707
Apply -3.0dB gain
@item 0.595
Apply -4.5dB gain (default)
@item 0.500
Apply -6.0dB gain
@item 0.000
Silence Center Channel
@end table

@item -loro_surmixlev @var{level}
Lo/Ro Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the
surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode.
@table @option
@item 0.841
Apply -1.5dB gain
@item 0.707
Apply -3.0dB gain
@item 0.595
Apply -4.5dB gain
@item 0.500
Apply -6.0dB gain (default)
@item 0.000
Silence Surround Channel(s)
@end table

@end table

@subsubsection Extended Bitstream Information - Part 2

@table @option

@item -dsurex_mode @var{mode}
Dolby Surround EX Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Surround EX
(7.1 matrixed to 5.1). Using this option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually
apply Dolby Surround EX processing.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx notindicated
Not Indicated (default)
@item 1
@itemx on
Dolby Surround EX Off
@item 2
@itemx off
Dolby Surround EX On
@end table

@item -dheadphone_mode @var{mode}
Dolby Headphone Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Headphone
encoding (multi-channel matrixed to 2.0 for use with headphones). Using this
option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually apply Dolby Headphone
processing.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx notindicated
Not Indicated (default)
@item 1
@itemx on
Dolby Headphone Off
@item 2
@itemx off
Dolby Headphone On
@end table

@item -ad_conv_type @var{type}
A/D Converter Type. Indicates whether the audio has passed through HDCD A/D
conversion.
@table @option
@item 0
@itemx standard
Standard A/D Converter (default)
@item 1
@itemx hdcd
HDCD A/D Converter
@end table

@end table

@subsection Other AC-3 Encoding Options

@table @option

@item -stereo_rematrixing @var{boolean}
Stereo Rematrixing. Enables/Disables use of rematrixing for stereo input. This
is an optional AC-3 feature that increases quality by selectively encoding
the left/right channels as mid/side. This option is enabled by default, and it
is highly recommended that it be left as enabled except for testing purposes.

@end table

@subsection Floating-Point-Only AC-3 Encoding Options

These options are only valid for the floating-point encoder and do not exist
for the fixed-point encoder due to the corresponding features not being
implemented in fixed-point.

@table @option

@item -channel_coupling @var{boolean}
Enables/Disables use of channel coupling, which is an optional AC-3 feature
that increases quality by combining high frequency information from multiple
channels into a single channel. The per-channel high frequency information is
sent with less accuracy in both the frequency and time domains. This allows
more bits to be used for lower frequencies while preserving enough information
to reconstruct the high frequencies. This option is enabled by default for the
floating-point encoder and should generally be left as enabled except for
testing purposes or to increase encoding speed.
@table @option
@item -1
@itemx auto
Selected by Encoder (default)
@item 0
@itemx off
Disable Channel Coupling
@item 1
@itemx on
Enable Channel Coupling
@end table

@item -cpl_start_band @var{number}
Coupling Start Band. Sets the channel coupling start band, from 1 to 15. If a
value higher than the bandwidth is used, it will be reduced to 1 less than the
coupling end band. If @var{auto} is used, the start band will be determined by
the encoder based on the bit rate, sample rate, and channel layout. This option
has no effect if channel coupling is disabled.
@table @option
@item -1
@itemx auto
Selected by Encoder (default)
@end table

@end table

@section libmp3lame

LAME (Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder) MP3 encoder wrapper

Requires the presence of the libmp3lame headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libmp3lame}.

@subsection Option Mapping

The following options are supported by the libmp3lame wrapper,
the LAME-equivalent options follow the FFmpeg ones.

@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2
@item FFmpeg            @tab LAME
@item b                 @tab b
FFmpeg @code{b} option is expressed in bits/s, lame @code{bitrate}
in kilobits/s.
@item q                 @tab V
Quality setting for VBR.
@item compression_level @tab q
Algorithm quality. Valid options are integers from 0-9.
@item reservoir         @tab N.A.
Enable use of bit reservoir. LAME has this enabled by default.
@item joint_stereo      @tab -m j
Enables the the encoder to use (on a frame by frame basis) either L/R
stereo or mid/side stereo.
@end multitable

@section libopencore-amrnb

OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrowband encoder.

Requires the presence of the libopencore-amrnb headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-version3}.

This is a mono-only encoder. Officially it only supports 8000Hz sample rate,
but you can override it by setting @option{strict} to @samp{unofficial} or
lower.

@subsection Options

@table @option

@item b
Set bitrate in bits per second. Only the following bitrates are supported,
otherwise libavcodec will round to the nearest valid bitrate.

@table @option
@item 4750
@item 5150
@item 5900
@item 6700
@item 7400
@item 7950
@item 10200
@item 12200
@end table

@item dtx
Allow discontinuous transmission (generate comfort noise) when set to 1. The
default value is 0 (disabled).

@end table

@section libtwolame

TwoLAME MP2 encoder wrapper

Requires the presence of the libtwolame headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libtwolame}.

@subsection Options Mapping

The following options are supported by the libtwolame wrapper. The
TwoLAME-equivalent options follow the FFmpeg ones and are in
parentheses.

@table @option
@item b
(b) Set bitrate in bits/s. Note that FFmpeg @code{b} option is
expressed in bits/s, twolame @code{b} in kilobits/s. The default
value is 128k.

@item q
(V) Set quality for experimental VBR support. Maximum value range is
from -50 to 50, useful range is from -10 to 10.

@item mode
(mode) Set MPEG mode. Possible values:

@table @samp
@item auto
Choose mode automatically based on the input. This is the default.
@item stereo
Stereo
@item joint_stereo
Joint stereo
@item dual_channel
Dual channel
@item mono
Mono
@end table

@item psymodel
(psyc-mode) Set psychoacoustic model to use in encoding. The argument
must be an integer between -1 and 4, inclusive. The higher the value,
the better the quality. The default value is 3.

@item energy_levels
(energy) Enable energy levels extensions when set to 1. The default
value is 0 (disabled).

@item error_protection
(protect) Enable CRC error protection when set to 1. The default value
is 0 (disabled).

@item copyright
(copyright) Set MPEG audio copyright flag when set to 1. The default
value is 0 (disabled).

@item original
(original) Set MPEG audio original flag when set to 1. The default
value is 0 (disabled).

@end table

@section libvo-aacenc

VisualOn AAC encoder

Requires the presence of the libvo-aacenc headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-version3}.

@subsection Options

The VisualOn AAC encoder only support encoding AAC-LC and up to 2
channels. It is also CBR-only. It is considered to be worse than the
native experimental FFmpeg AAC encoder.

@table @option

@item b
Bitrate.

@end table

@section libvo-amrwbenc

VisualOn Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband encoder

Requires the presence of the libvo-amrwbenc headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3}.

This is a mono-only encoder. Officially it only supports 16000Hz sample
rate, but you can override it by setting @option{strict} to
@samp{unofficial} or lower.

@subsection Options

@table @option

@item b
Set bitrate in bits/s. Only the following bitrates are supported, otherwise
libavcodec will round to the nearest valid bitrate.

@table @samp
@item 6600
@item 8850
@item 12650
@item 14250
@item 15850
@item 18250
@item 19850
@item 23050
@item 23850
@end table

@item dtx
Allow discontinuous transmission (generate comfort noise) when set to 1. The
default value is 0 (disabled).

@end table

@c man end AUDIO ENCODERS

@chapter Video Encoders
@c man begin VIDEO ENCODERS

A description of some of the currently available video encoders
follows.

@section libvpx

VP8 format supported through libvpx.

Requires the presence of the libvpx headers and library during configuration.
You need to explicitly configure the build with @code{--enable-libvpx}.

@subsection Options

Mapping from FFmpeg to libvpx options with conversion notes in parentheses.

@table @option

@item threads
g_threads

@item profile
g_profile

@item vb
rc_target_bitrate

@item g
kf_max_dist

@item keyint_min
kf_min_dist

@item qmin
rc_min_quantizer

@item qmax
rc_max_quantizer

@item bufsize, vb
rc_buf_sz
@code{(bufsize * 1000 / vb)}

rc_buf_optimal_sz
@code{(bufsize * 1000 / vb * 5 / 6)}

@item rc_init_occupancy, vb
rc_buf_initial_sz
@code{(rc_init_occupancy * 1000 / vb)}

@item rc_buffer_aggressivity
rc_undershoot_pct

@item skip_threshold
rc_dropframe_thresh

@item qcomp
rc_2pass_vbr_bias_pct

@item maxrate, vb
rc_2pass_vbr_maxsection_pct
@code{(maxrate * 100 / vb)}

@item minrate, vb
rc_2pass_vbr_minsection_pct
@code{(minrate * 100 / vb)}

@item minrate, maxrate, vb
@code{VPX_CBR}
@code{(minrate == maxrate == vb)}

@item crf
@code{VPX_CQ}, @code{VP8E_SET_CQ_LEVEL}

@item quality
@table @option
@item @var{best}
@code{VPX_DL_BEST_QUALITY}
@item @var{good}
@code{VPX_DL_GOOD_QUALITY}
@item @var{realtime}
@code{VPX_DL_REALTIME}
@end table

@item speed
@code{VP8E_SET_CPUUSED}

@item nr
@code{VP8E_SET_NOISE_SENSITIVITY}

@item mb_threshold
@code{VP8E_SET_STATIC_THRESHOLD}

@item slices
@code{VP8E_SET_TOKEN_PARTITIONS}

@item max-intra-rate
@code{VP8E_SET_MAX_INTRA_BITRATE_PCT}

@item force_key_frames
@code{VPX_EFLAG_FORCE_KF}

@item Alternate reference frame related
@table @option
@item vp8flags altref
@code{VP8E_SET_ENABLEAUTOALTREF}
@item @var{arnr_max_frames}
@code{VP8E_SET_ARNR_MAXFRAMES}
@item @var{arnr_type}
@code{VP8E_SET_ARNR_TYPE}
@item @var{arnr_strength}
@code{VP8E_SET_ARNR_STRENGTH}
@item @var{rc_lookahead}
g_lag_in_frames
@end table

@item vp8flags error_resilient
g_error_resilient

@end table

For more information about libvpx see:
@url{http://www.webmproject.org/}

@section libx264

H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 format supported through
libx264.

Requires the presence of the libx264 headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libx264}.

@subsection Options

@table @option

@item preset @var{preset_name}
Set the encoding preset.

@item tune @var{tune_name}
Tune the encoding params.

@item fastfirstpass @var{bool}
Use fast settings when encoding first pass, default value is 1.

@item profile @var{profile_name}
Set profile restrictions.

@item level @var{level}
Specify level (as defined by Annex A).
Deprecated in favor of @var{x264opts}.

@item passlogfile @var{filename}
Specify filename for 2 pass stats.
Deprecated in favor of @var{x264opts} (see @var{stats} libx264 option).

@item wpredp @var{wpred_type}
Specify Weighted prediction for P-frames.
Deprecated in favor of @var{x264opts} (see @var{weightp} libx264 option).

@item x264opts @var{options}
Allow to set any x264 option, see x264 --fullhelp for a list.

@var{options} is a list of @var{key}=@var{value} couples separated by
":".
@end table

For example to specify libx264 encoding options with @command{ffmpeg}:
@example
ffmpeg -i foo.mpg -vcodec libx264 -x264opts keyint=123:min-keyint=20 -an out.mkv
@end example

For more information about libx264 and the supported options see:
@url{http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html}

@section libxvid

Xvid MPEG-4 Part 2 encoder wrapper.

This encoder requires the presence of the libxvidcore headers and library
during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
@code{--enable-libxvid --enable-gpl}.

The native @code{mpeg4} encoder supports the MPEG-4 Part 2 format, so
users can encode to this format without this library.

@subsection Options

The following options are supported by the libxvid wrapper. Some of
the following options are listed but are not documented, and
correspond to shared codec options. The other shared options
which are not listed have no effect for the libxvid encoder.

@table @option
@item b

@item g

@item qmin

@item qmax

@item mpeg_quant

@item threads

@item bf

@item b_qfactor

@item b_qoffset

@item flags
Set specific encoding flags. Possible values:

@table @samp

@item mv4
Use four motion vector by macroblock.

@item aic
Enable high quality AC prediction.

@item gray
Only encode grayscale.

@item gmc
Enable the use of global motion compensation (GMC).

@item qpel
Enable quarter-pixel motion compensation.

@item cgop
Enable closed GOP.

@item global_header
Place global headers in extradata instead of every keyframe.

@end table

@item trellis

@item me_method
Set motion estimation method. Possible values in decreasing order of
speed and increasing order of quality:

@table @samp
@item zero
Use no motion estimation (default).

@item phods
@item x1
@item log
Enable advanced diamond zonal search for 16x16 blocks and half-pixel
refinement for 16x16 blocks. @samp{x1} and @samp{log} are aliases for
@samp{phods}.

@item epzs
Enable all of the things described above, plus advanced diamond zonal
search for 8x8 blocks, half-pixel refinement for 8x8 blocks, and motion
estimation on chroma planes.

@item full
Enable all of the things described above, plus extended 16x16 and 8x8
blocks search.
@end table

@item mbd
Set macroblock decision algorithm. Possible values in the increasing
order of quality:

@table @samp
@item simple
Use macroblock comparing function algorithm (default).

@item bits
Enable rate distortion-based half pixel and quarter pixel refinement for
16x16 blocks.

@item rd
Enable all of the things described above, plus rate distortion-based
half pixel and quarter pixel refinement for 8x8 blocks, and rate
distortion-based search using square pattern.
@end table

@end table

@c man end VIDEO ENCODERS