Cura/cura/BuildVolume.py

# Copyright (c) 2021 Ultimaker B.V.
# Cura is released under the terms of the LGPLv3 or higher.

import numpy
import math

from typing import List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Set, cast, Iterable, Dict

from UM.Logger import Logger
from UM.Mesh.MeshData import MeshData
from UM.Mesh.MeshBuilder import MeshBuilder

from UM.Application import Application #To modify the maximum zoom level.
from UM.i18n import i18nCatalog
from UM.Scene.Platform import Platform
from UM.Scene.Iterator.BreadthFirstIterator import BreadthFirstIterator
from UM.Scene.SceneNode import SceneNode
from UM.Resources import Resources

from UM.Math.Vector import Vector
from UM.Math.Matrix import Matrix
from UM.Math.Color import Color
from UM.Math.AxisAlignedBox import AxisAlignedBox
from UM.Math.Polygon import Polygon
from UM.Message import Message
from UM.Signal import Signal
from UM.View.RenderBatch import RenderBatch
from UM.View.GL.OpenGL import OpenGL

from cura.Settings.GlobalStack import GlobalStack
from cura.Scene.CuraSceneNode import CuraSceneNode
from cura.Settings.ExtruderManager import ExtruderManager

from PyQt6.QtCore import QTimer


if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from cura.CuraApplication import CuraApplication
    from cura.Settings.ExtruderStack import ExtruderStack
    from UM.Settings.ContainerStack import ContainerStack

catalog = i18nCatalog("cura")

# Radius of disallowed area in mm around prime. I.e. how much distance to keep from prime position.
PRIME_CLEARANCE = 6.5


class BuildVolume(SceneNode):
    """Build volume is a special kind of node that is responsible for rendering the printable area & disallowed areas."""

    raftThicknessChanged = Signal()

    def __init__(self, application: "CuraApplication", parent: Optional[SceneNode] = None) -> None:
        super().__init__(parent)
        self._application = application
        self._machine_manager = self._application.getMachineManager()

        self._volume_outline_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]
        self._x_axis_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]
        self._y_axis_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]
        self._z_axis_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]
        self._disallowed_area_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]
        self._error_area_color = None  # type: Optional[Color]

        self._width = 0  # type: float
        self._height = 0  # type: float
        self._depth = 0  # type: float
        self._shape = ""  # type: str
        self._scale_vector = Vector(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

        self._shader = None

        self._origin_mesh = None  # type: Optional[MeshData]
        self._origin_line_length = 20
        self._origin_line_width = 1
        self._enabled = False

        self._grid_mesh = None   # type: Optional[MeshData]
        self._grid_shader = None

        self._disallowed_areas = []  # type: List[Polygon]
        self._disallowed_areas_no_brim = []  # type: List[Polygon]
        self._disallowed_area_mesh = None  # type: Optional[MeshData]
        self._disallowed_area_size = 0.

        self._error_areas = []  # type: List[Polygon]
        self._error_mesh = None  # type: Optional[MeshData]

        self.setCalculateBoundingBox(False)
        self._volume_aabb = None  # type: Optional[AxisAlignedBox]

        self._raft_thickness = 0.0
        self._extra_z_clearance = 0.0
        self._adhesion_type = None  # type: Any
        self._platform = Platform(self)

        self._edge_disallowed_size = None

        self._build_volume_message = Message(catalog.i18nc("@info:status",
                "The build volume height has been reduced due to the value of the"
                " \"Print Sequence\" setting to prevent the gantry from colliding"
                " with printed models."),
            title = catalog.i18nc("@info:title", "Build Volume"),
            message_type = Message.MessageType.WARNING)

        self._global_container_stack = None  # type: Optional[GlobalStack]

        self._stack_change_timer = QTimer()
        self._stack_change_timer.setInterval(100)
        self._stack_change_timer.setSingleShot(True)
        self._stack_change_timer.timeout.connect(self._onStackChangeTimerFinished)

        self._application.globalContainerStackChanged.connect(self._onStackChanged)

        self._engine_ready = False
        self._application.engineCreatedSignal.connect(self._onEngineCreated)

        self._has_errors = False
        self._application.getController().getScene().sceneChanged.connect(self._onSceneChanged)

        # Objects loaded at the moment. We are connected to the property changed events of these objects.
        self._scene_objects = set()  # type: Set[SceneNode]
        # Number of toplevel printable meshes. If there is more than one, the build volume needs to take account of the gantry height in One at a Time printing.
        self._root_printable_object_count = 0

        self._scene_change_timer = QTimer()
        self._scene_change_timer.setInterval(200)
        self._scene_change_timer.setSingleShot(True)
        self._scene_change_timer.timeout.connect(self._onSceneChangeTimerFinished)

        self._setting_change_timer = QTimer()
        self._setting_change_timer.setInterval(150)
        self._setting_change_timer.setSingleShot(True)
        self._setting_change_timer.timeout.connect(self._onSettingChangeTimerFinished)

        # Must be after setting _build_volume_message, apparently that is used in getMachineManager.
        # activeQualityChanged is always emitted after setActiveVariant, setActiveMaterial and setActiveQuality.
        # Therefore this works.
        self._machine_manager.activeQualityChanged.connect(self._onStackChanged)

        # Enable and disable extruder
        self._machine_manager.extruderChanged.connect(self.updateNodeBoundaryCheck)

        # List of settings which were updated
        self._changed_settings_since_last_rebuild = []  # type: List[str]

    def _onSceneChanged(self, source):
        if self._global_container_stack:
            # Ignore anything that is not something we can slice in the first place!
            if source.callDecoration("isSliceable"):
                self._scene_change_timer.start()

    def _onSceneChangeTimerFinished(self):
        root = self._application.getController().getScene().getRoot()
        new_scene_objects = set(node for node in BreadthFirstIterator(root) if node.callDecoration("isSliceable"))

        if new_scene_objects != self._scene_objects:
            for node in new_scene_objects - self._scene_objects: #Nodes that were added to the scene.
                self._updateNodeListeners(node)
                node.decoratorsChanged.connect(self._updateNodeListeners)  # Make sure that decoration changes afterwards also receive the same treatment
            for node in self._scene_objects - new_scene_objects: #Nodes that were removed from the scene.
                per_mesh_stack = node.callDecoration("getStack")
                if per_mesh_stack:
                    per_mesh_stack.propertyChanged.disconnect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)
                active_extruder_changed = node.callDecoration("getActiveExtruderChangedSignal")
                if active_extruder_changed is not None:
                    node.callDecoration("getActiveExtruderChangedSignal").disconnect(self._updateDisallowedAreasAndRebuild)
                node.decoratorsChanged.disconnect(self._updateNodeListeners)
            self._updateUsedExtruders()
            self.rebuild()

            self._scene_objects = new_scene_objects

        # This also needs to be called when objects are grouped/ungrouped,
        # which is not reflected in a change in self._scene_objects
        self._updateRootPrintableObjectCount()

    def _updateRootPrintableObjectCount(self):
        # Get the number of models in the scene root, excluding modifier meshes and counting grouped models as 1
        root = self._application.getController().getScene().getRoot()
        scene_objects = set(node for node in BreadthFirstIterator(root) if node.callDecoration("isSliceable") or node.callDecoration("isGroup"))

        new_root_printable_object_count = len(list(node for node in scene_objects if node.getParent() == root and not (
            node_stack := node.callDecoration("getStack") and (
                node.callDecoration("getStack").getProperty("anti_overhang_mesh", "value") or
                node.callDecoration("getStack").getProperty("support_mesh", "value") or
                node.callDecoration("getStack").getProperty("cutting_mesh", "value") or
                node.callDecoration("getStack").getProperty("infill_mesh", "value")
            ))
        ))
        if new_root_printable_object_count != self._root_printable_object_count:
            self._root_printable_object_count = new_root_printable_object_count
            self._onSettingPropertyChanged("print_sequence", "value")  # Create fake event, so right settings are triggered.

    def _updateNodeListeners(self, node: SceneNode):
        """Updates the listeners that listen for changes in per-mesh stacks.

        :param node: The node for which the decorators changed.
        """

        per_mesh_stack = node.callDecoration("getStack")
        if per_mesh_stack:
            per_mesh_stack.propertyChanged.connect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)
        active_extruder_changed = node.callDecoration("getActiveExtruderChangedSignal")
        if active_extruder_changed is not None:
            active_extruder_changed.connect(self._nodeActiveExtruderChanged)

    def setWidth(self, width: float) -> None:
        self._width = width

    def getWidth(self) -> float:
        return self._width

    def setHeight(self, height: float) -> None:
        self._height = height

    def getHeight(self) -> float:
        return self._height

    def setDepth(self, depth: float) -> None:
        self._depth = depth

    def getDepth(self) -> float:
        return self._depth

    def setShape(self, shape: str) -> None:
        if shape:
            self._shape = shape

    def getShape(self) -> str:
        return self._shape

    def getDiagonalSize(self) -> float:
        """Get the length of the 3D diagonal through the build volume.

        This gives a sense of the scale of the build volume in general.

        :return: length of the 3D diagonal through the build volume
        """

        return math.sqrt(self._width * self._width + self._height * self._height + self._depth * self._depth)

    def getDisallowedAreas(self) -> List[Polygon]:
        return self._disallowed_areas

    def getDisallowedAreasNoBrim(self) -> List[Polygon]:
        return self._disallowed_areas_no_brim

    def setDisallowedAreas(self, areas: List[Polygon]):
        self._disallowed_areas = areas

    def render(self, renderer):
        if not self.getMeshData() or not self.isVisible():
            return True

        if not self._shader:
            self._shader = OpenGL.getInstance().createShaderProgram(Resources.getPath(Resources.Shaders, "default.shader"))
            self._grid_shader = OpenGL.getInstance().createShaderProgram(Resources.getPath(Resources.Shaders, "grid.shader"))
            theme = self._application.getTheme()
            self._grid_shader.setUniformValue("u_plateColor", Color(*theme.getColor("buildplate").getRgb()))
            self._grid_shader.setUniformValue("u_gridColor0", Color(*theme.getColor("buildplate_grid").getRgb()))
            self._grid_shader.setUniformValue("u_gridColor1", Color(*theme.getColor("buildplate_grid_minor").getRgb()))

        renderer.queueNode(self, mode = RenderBatch.RenderMode.Lines)
        renderer.queueNode(self, mesh = self._origin_mesh, backface_cull = True)
        renderer.queueNode(self, mesh = self._grid_mesh, shader = self._grid_shader, backface_cull = True)
        if self._disallowed_area_mesh:
            renderer.queueNode(self, mesh = self._disallowed_area_mesh, shader = self._shader, transparent = True, backface_cull = True, sort = -9)

        if self._error_mesh:
            renderer.queueNode(self, mesh=self._error_mesh, shader=self._shader, transparent=True,
                               backface_cull=True, sort=-8)

        return True

    def updateNodeBoundaryCheck(self):
        """For every sliceable node, update node._outside_buildarea"""

        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return

        root = self._application.getController().getScene().getRoot()
        nodes = cast(List[SceneNode], list(cast(Iterable, BreadthFirstIterator(root))))
        group_nodes = []  # type: List[SceneNode]

        build_volume_bounding_box = self.getBoundingBox()
        if build_volume_bounding_box:
            # It's over 9000!
            # We set this to a very low number, as we do allow models to intersect the build plate.
            # This means the model gets cut off at the build plate.
            build_volume_bounding_box = build_volume_bounding_box.set(bottom=-9001)
        else:
            # No bounding box. This is triggered when running Cura from command line with a model for the first time
            # In that situation there is a model, but no machine (and therefore no build volume.
            return

        for node in nodes:
            # Need to check group nodes later
            if node.callDecoration("isGroup"):
                group_nodes.append(node)  # Keep list of affected group_nodes

            if node.callDecoration("isSliceable") or node.callDecoration("isGroup"):
                if not isinstance(node, CuraSceneNode):
                    continue

                if node.collidesWithBbox(build_volume_bounding_box):
                    node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                    continue

                if node.collidesWithAreas(self.getDisallowedAreas()):
                    node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                    continue
                # If the entire node is below the build plate, still mark it as outside.
                node_bounding_box = node.getBoundingBox()
                if node_bounding_box and node_bounding_box.top < 0 and not node.getParent().callDecoration("isGroup"):
                    node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                    continue
                # Mark the node as outside build volume if the set extruder is disabled
                extruder_position = node.callDecoration("getActiveExtruderPosition")
                try:
                    if not self._global_container_stack.extruderList[int(extruder_position)].isEnabled and not node.callDecoration("isGroup"):
                        node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                        continue
                except IndexError:  # Happens when the extruder list is too short. We're not done building the printer in memory yet.
                    continue
                except TypeError:  # Happens when extruder_position is None. This object has no extruder decoration.
                    continue

                node.setOutsideBuildArea(False)

        # Group nodes should override the _outside_buildarea property of their children.
        for group_node in group_nodes:
            children = group_node.getAllChildren()

            # Check if one or more children are non-printable and if so, set the parent as non-printable:
            for child_node in children:
                if child_node.isOutsideBuildArea():
                    group_node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                    break

            # Apply results of the check to all children of the group:
            for child_node in children:
                child_node.setOutsideBuildArea(group_node.isOutsideBuildArea())

    def checkBoundsAndUpdate(self, node: CuraSceneNode, bounds: Optional[AxisAlignedBox] = None) -> None:
        """Update the outsideBuildArea of a single node, given bounds or current build volume

        :param node: single node
        :param bounds: bounds or current build volume
        """

        if not isinstance(node, CuraSceneNode) or self._global_container_stack is None:
            return

        if bounds is None:
            build_volume_bounding_box = self.getBoundingBox()
            if build_volume_bounding_box:
                # It's over 9000!
                build_volume_bounding_box = build_volume_bounding_box.set(bottom=-9001)
            else:
                # No bounding box. This is triggered when running Cura from command line with a model for the first time
                # In that situation there is a model, but no machine (and therefore no build volume.
                return
        else:
            build_volume_bounding_box = bounds

        if node.callDecoration("isSliceable") or node.callDecoration("isGroup"):
            if node.collidesWithBbox(build_volume_bounding_box):
                node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                return

            if node.collidesWithAreas(self.getDisallowedAreas()):
                node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                return

            # Mark the node as outside build volume if the set extruder is disabled
            extruder_position = node.callDecoration("getActiveExtruderPosition")
            try:
                if not self._global_container_stack.extruderList[int(extruder_position)].isEnabled:
                    node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                    return
            except IndexError:
                # If the extruder doesn't exist, also mark it as unprintable.
                node.setOutsideBuildArea(True)
                return

            node.setOutsideBuildArea(False)

    def _buildGridMesh(self, min_w: float, max_w: float, min_h: float, max_h: float, min_d: float, max_d:float, z_fight_distance: float) -> MeshData:
        mb = MeshBuilder()
        if self._shape != "elliptic":
            # Build plate grid mesh
            mb.addQuad(
                Vector(min_w, min_h - z_fight_distance, min_d),
                Vector(max_w, min_h - z_fight_distance, min_d),
                Vector(max_w, min_h - z_fight_distance, max_d),
                Vector(min_w, min_h - z_fight_distance, max_d)
            )

            for n in range(0, 6):
                v = mb.getVertex(n)
                mb.setVertexUVCoordinates(n, v[0], v[2])
            return mb.build()
        else:
            aspect = 1.0
            scale_matrix = Matrix()
            if self._width != 0:
                # Scale circular meshes by aspect ratio if width != height
                aspect = self._depth / self._width
                scale_matrix.compose(scale=Vector(1, 1, aspect))
            mb.addVertex(0, min_h - z_fight_distance, 0)
            mb.addArc(max_w, Vector.Unit_Y, center=Vector(0, min_h - z_fight_distance, 0))
            sections = mb.getVertexCount() - 1  # Center point is not an arc section
            indices = []
            for n in range(0, sections - 1):
                indices.append([0, n + 2, n + 1])
            mb.addIndices(numpy.asarray(indices, dtype=numpy.int32))
            mb.calculateNormals()

            for n in range(0, mb.getVertexCount()):
                v = mb.getVertex(n)
                mb.setVertexUVCoordinates(n, v[0], v[2] * aspect)
            return mb.build().getTransformed(scale_matrix)

    def _buildMesh(self, min_w: float, max_w: float, min_h: float, max_h: float, min_d: float, max_d:float, z_fight_distance: float) -> MeshData:
        if self._shape != "elliptic":
            # Outline 'cube' of the build volume
            mb = MeshBuilder()
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, min_h, min_d), Vector(max_w, min_h, min_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, min_h, min_d), Vector(min_w, max_h, min_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, max_h, min_d), Vector(max_w, max_h, min_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(max_w, min_h, min_d), Vector(max_w, max_h, min_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)

            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, min_h, max_d), Vector(max_w, min_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, min_h, max_d), Vector(min_w, max_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, max_h, max_d), Vector(max_w, max_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(max_w, min_h, max_d), Vector(max_w, max_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)

            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, min_h, min_d), Vector(min_w, min_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(max_w, min_h, min_d), Vector(max_w, min_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(min_w, max_h, min_d), Vector(min_w, max_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addLine(Vector(max_w, max_h, min_d), Vector(max_w, max_h, max_d), color = self._volume_outline_color)

            return mb.build()

        else:
            # Bottom and top 'ellipse' of the build volume
            scale_matrix = Matrix()
            if self._width != 0:
                # Scale circular meshes by aspect ratio if width != height
                aspect = self._depth / self._width
                scale_matrix.compose(scale = Vector(1, 1, aspect))
            mb = MeshBuilder()
            mb.addArc(max_w, Vector.Unit_Y, center = (0, min_h - z_fight_distance, 0), color = self._volume_outline_color)
            mb.addArc(max_w, Vector.Unit_Y, center = (0, max_h, 0),  color = self._volume_outline_color)
            return mb.build().getTransformed(scale_matrix)

    def _buildOriginMesh(self, origin: Vector) -> MeshData:
        mb = MeshBuilder()
        mb.addCube(
            width=self._origin_line_length,
            height=self._origin_line_width,
            depth=self._origin_line_width,
            center=origin + Vector(self._origin_line_length / 2, 0, 0),
            color=self._x_axis_color
        )
        mb.addCube(
            width=self._origin_line_width,
            height=self._origin_line_length,
            depth=self._origin_line_width,
            center=origin + Vector(0, self._origin_line_length / 2, 0),
            color=self._y_axis_color
        )
        mb.addCube(
            width=self._origin_line_width,
            height=self._origin_line_width,
            depth=self._origin_line_length,
            center=origin - Vector(0, 0, self._origin_line_length / 2),
            color=self._z_axis_color
        )
        return mb.build()

    def _updateColors(self):
        theme = self._application.getTheme()
        if theme is None:
            return
        self._volume_outline_color = Color(*theme.getColor("volume_outline").getRgb())
        self._x_axis_color = Color(*theme.getColor("x_axis").getRgb())
        self._y_axis_color = Color(*theme.getColor("y_axis").getRgb())
        self._z_axis_color = Color(*theme.getColor("z_axis").getRgb())
        self._disallowed_area_color = Color(*theme.getColor("disallowed_area").getRgb())
        self._error_area_color = Color(*theme.getColor("error_area").getRgb())

    def _buildErrorMesh(self, min_w: float, max_w: float, min_h: float, max_h: float, min_d: float, max_d: float, disallowed_area_height: float) -> Optional[MeshData]:
        if not self._error_areas:
            return None
        mb = MeshBuilder()
        for error_area in self._error_areas:
            color = self._error_area_color
            points = error_area.getPoints()
            first = Vector(self._clamp(points[0][0], min_w, max_w), disallowed_area_height,
                           self._clamp(points[0][1], min_d, max_d))
            previous_point = Vector(self._clamp(points[0][0], min_w, max_w), disallowed_area_height,
                                    self._clamp(points[0][1], min_d, max_d))
            for point in points:
                new_point = Vector(self._clamp(point[0], min_w, max_w), disallowed_area_height,
                                   self._clamp(point[1], min_d, max_d))
                mb.addFace(first, previous_point, new_point, color=color)
                previous_point = new_point
        return mb.build()

    def _buildDisallowedAreaMesh(self, min_w: float, max_w: float, min_h: float, max_h: float, min_d: float, max_d: float, disallowed_area_height: float) -> Optional[MeshData]:
        if not self._disallowed_areas:
            return None

        bounding_box = Polygon(numpy.array([[min_w, min_d], [min_w, max_d], [max_w, max_d], [max_w, min_d]], numpy.float32))

        mb = MeshBuilder()
        color = self._disallowed_area_color
        for polygon in self._disallowed_areas:
            intersection = polygon.intersectionConvexHulls(bounding_box)
            points = numpy.flipud(intersection.getPoints())
            if len(points) < 3:
                continue

            first = Vector(points[0][0], disallowed_area_height, points[0][1])
            previous_point = Vector(points[1][0], disallowed_area_height, points[1][1])
            for point in points[2:]:
                new_point = Vector(point[0], disallowed_area_height, point[1])
                mb.addFace(first, previous_point, new_point, color=color)
                previous_point = new_point

            # Find the largest disallowed area to exclude it from the maximum scale bounds.
            # This is a very nasty hack. This pretty much only works for UM machines.
            # This disallowed area_size needs a -lot- of rework at some point in the future: TODO
            if numpy.min(points[:,
                         1]) >= 0:  # This filters out all areas that have points to the left of the centre. This is done to filter the skirt area.
                size = abs(numpy.max(points[:, 1]) - numpy.min(points[:, 1]))
            else:
                size = 0
            self._disallowed_area_size = max(size, self._disallowed_area_size)
        return mb.build()

    def _updateScaleFactor(self) -> None:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return
        scale_xy = 100.0 / max(100.0, self._global_container_stack.getProperty("material_shrinkage_percentage_xy", "value"))
        scale_z  = 100.0 / max(100.0, self._global_container_stack.getProperty("material_shrinkage_percentage_z" , "value"))
        self._scale_vector = Vector(scale_xy, scale_xy, scale_z)

    def rebuild(self) -> None:
        """Recalculates the build volume & disallowed areas."""

        if not self._width or not self._height or not self._depth:
            return

        if not self._engine_ready:
            return

        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return

        if not self._volume_outline_color:
            self._updateColors()

        min_w = -self._width / 2
        max_w = self._width / 2
        min_h = 0.0
        max_h = self._height
        min_d = -self._depth / 2
        max_d = self._depth / 2

        z_fight_distance = 0.2  # Distance between buildplate and disallowed area meshes to prevent z-fighting

        self._grid_mesh = self._buildGridMesh(min_w, max_w, min_h, max_h, min_d, max_d, z_fight_distance)
        self.setMeshData(self._buildMesh(min_w, max_w, min_h, max_h, min_d, max_d, z_fight_distance))

        # Indication of the machine origin
        if self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_center_is_zero", "value"):
            origin = (Vector(min_w, min_h, min_d) + Vector(max_w, min_h, max_d)) / 2
        else:
            origin = Vector(min_w, min_h, max_d)

        self._origin_mesh = self._buildOriginMesh(origin)

        disallowed_area_height = 0.1
        self._disallowed_area_size = 0.
        self._disallowed_area_mesh = self._buildDisallowedAreaMesh(min_w, max_w, min_h, max_h, min_d, max_d, disallowed_area_height)

        self._error_mesh = self._buildErrorMesh(min_w, max_w, min_h, max_h, min_d, max_d, disallowed_area_height)

        self._updateScaleFactor()

        self._volume_aabb = AxisAlignedBox(
            minimum = Vector(min_w, min_h - 1.0, min_d),
            maximum = Vector(max_w, max_h - self._raft_thickness - self._extra_z_clearance, max_d)
        )

        bed_adhesion_size = self.getEdgeDisallowedSize()

        # As this works better for UM machines, we only add the disallowed_area_size for the z direction.
        # This is probably wrong in all other cases. TODO!
        # The +1 and -1 is added as there is always a bit of extra room required to work properly.
        scale_to_max_bounds = AxisAlignedBox(
            minimum = Vector(min_w + bed_adhesion_size + 1, min_h, min_d + self._disallowed_area_size - bed_adhesion_size + 1),
            maximum = Vector(max_w - bed_adhesion_size - 1, max_h - self._raft_thickness - self._extra_z_clearance, max_d - self._disallowed_area_size + bed_adhesion_size - 1)
        )

        self._application.getController().getScene()._maximum_bounds = scale_to_max_bounds  # type: ignore

        self.updateNodeBoundaryCheck()

    def getBoundingBox(self) -> Optional[AxisAlignedBox]:
        return self._volume_aabb

    def getRaftThickness(self) -> float:
        return self._raft_thickness

    def _updateRaftThickness(self) -> None:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return

        old_raft_thickness = self._raft_thickness
        if self._global_container_stack.extruderList:
            # This might be called before the extruder stacks have initialised, in which case getting the adhesion_type fails
            self._adhesion_type = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("adhesion_type", "value")
        self._raft_thickness = 0.0
        if self._adhesion_type == "raft":
            self._raft_thickness = (
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_base_thickness", "value") +
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_interface_layers", "value") *
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_interface_thickness", "value") +
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_surface_layers", "value") *
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_surface_thickness", "value") +
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_airgap", "value") -
                self._global_container_stack.getProperty("layer_0_z_overlap", "value"))

        # Rounding errors do not matter, we check if raft_thickness has changed at all
        if old_raft_thickness != self._raft_thickness:
            self.setPosition(Vector(0, -self._raft_thickness, 0), SceneNode.TransformSpace.World)
            self.raftThicknessChanged.emit()

    def _calculateExtraZClearance(self, extruders: List["ContainerStack"]) -> float:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return 0

        extra_z = 0.0
        for extruder in extruders:
            if extruder.getProperty("retraction_hop_enabled", "value"):
                retraction_hop = extruder.getProperty("retraction_hop", "value")
                if extra_z is None or retraction_hop > extra_z:
                    extra_z = retraction_hop
        return extra_z

    def _onStackChanged(self):
        self._stack_change_timer.start()

    def _onStackChangeTimerFinished(self) -> None:
        """Update the build volume visualization"""

        if self._global_container_stack:
            self._global_container_stack.propertyChanged.disconnect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)
            extruders = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getActiveExtruderStacks()
            for extruder in extruders:
                extruder.propertyChanged.disconnect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)

        self._global_container_stack = self._application.getGlobalContainerStack()

        if self._global_container_stack:
            self._global_container_stack.propertyChanged.connect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)
            extruders = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getActiveExtruderStacks()
            for extruder in extruders:
                extruder.propertyChanged.connect(self._onSettingPropertyChanged)

            self._width = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value")
            machine_height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_height", "value")
            if self._global_container_stack.getProperty("print_sequence", "value") == "one_at_a_time" and self._root_printable_object_count > 1:
                new_height = min(self._global_container_stack.getProperty("gantry_height", "value") * self._scale_vector.z, machine_height)

                if self._height > new_height:
                    self._build_volume_message.show()
                elif self._height < new_height:
                    self._build_volume_message.hide()
                self._height = new_height
            else:
                self._height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_height", "value")
                self._build_volume_message.hide()
            self._depth = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value")
            self._shape = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_shape", "value")

            self._updateUsedExtruders()
            self._updateDisallowedAreas()
            self._updateRaftThickness()
            self._extra_z_clearance = self._calculateExtraZClearance(ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks())

            if self._engine_ready:
                self.rebuild()

            camera = Application.getInstance().getController().getCameraTool()
            if camera:
                diagonal = self.getDiagonalSize()
                if diagonal > 1:
                    # You can zoom out up to 5 times the diagonal. This gives some space around the volume.
                    camera.setZoomRange(min = 0.1, max = diagonal * 5)  # type: ignore

    def _onEngineCreated(self) -> None:
        self._engine_ready = True
        self.rebuild()

    def _onSettingChangeTimerFinished(self) -> None:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return

        rebuild_me = False
        update_disallowed_areas = False
        update_raft_thickness = False
        update_extra_z_clearance = True
        update_used_extruders = False

        for setting_key in self._changed_settings_since_last_rebuild:
            if setting_key in ["print_sequence", "support_mesh", "infill_mesh", "cutting_mesh", "anti_overhang_mesh"]:
                self._updateRootPrintableObjectCount()

            if setting_key == "print_sequence":
                machine_height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_height", "value")
                if self._application.getGlobalContainerStack().getProperty("print_sequence", "value") == "one_at_a_time" and self._root_printable_object_count > 1:
                    new_height = min(
                        self._global_container_stack.getProperty("gantry_height", "value") * self._scale_vector.z,
                        machine_height)

                    if self._height > new_height:
                        self._build_volume_message.show()
                    elif self._height < new_height:
                        self._build_volume_message.hide()
                    self._height = new_height
                else:
                    self._height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_height", "value") * self._scale_vector.z
                    self._build_volume_message.hide()
                update_disallowed_areas = True

            # sometimes the machine size or shape settings are adjusted on the active machine, we should reflect this
            if setting_key in self._machine_settings or setting_key in self._material_size_settings:
                self._updateMachineSizeProperties()
                update_extra_z_clearance = True
                update_disallowed_areas = True

            if setting_key in self._disallowed_area_settings:
                update_disallowed_areas = True

            if setting_key in self._raft_settings:
                update_raft_thickness = True
                update_used_extruders = True

            if setting_key in self._extra_z_settings:
                update_extra_z_clearance = True

            if setting_key in self._limit_to_extruder_settings:
                update_disallowed_areas = True
                update_used_extruders = True

            if setting_key in self._extruder_settings:
                update_used_extruders = True

            rebuild_me = update_extra_z_clearance or update_disallowed_areas or update_raft_thickness

        # We only want to update all of them once.
        if update_disallowed_areas:
            self._updateDisallowedAreas()

        if update_raft_thickness:
            self._updateRaftThickness()

        if update_extra_z_clearance:
            self._extra_z_clearance = self._calculateExtraZClearance(ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks())

        if update_used_extruders:
            self._updateUsedExtruders()

        if rebuild_me:
            self.rebuild()

        # We just did a rebuild, reset the list.
        self._changed_settings_since_last_rebuild = []

    def _onSettingPropertyChanged(self, setting_key: str, property_name: str) -> None:
        if property_name != "value":
            return

        if setting_key not in self._changed_settings_since_last_rebuild:
            self._changed_settings_since_last_rebuild.append(setting_key)
            self._setting_change_timer.start()

    def hasErrors(self) -> bool:
        return self._has_errors

    def _updateMachineSizeProperties(self) -> None:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return
        self._updateScaleFactor()
        self._height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_height", "value") * self._scale_vector.z
        self._width = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value")
        self._depth = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value")
        self._shape = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_shape", "value")

    def _updateUsedExtruders(self):
        global_container_stack = self._application.getGlobalContainerStack()
        if not global_container_stack:
            return
        used_extruders = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks()
        for extruder in global_container_stack.extruderList:
            used = extruder in used_extruders
            extruder.definitionChanges.setProperty("extruder_used", "value", used)
        global_container_stack.definitionChanges.setProperty("extruders_used", "value", [extruder.position for extruder in used_extruders])

    def _nodeActiveExtruderChanged(self):
        self._updateDisallowedAreasAndRebuild()
        self._updateUsedExtruders()

    def _updateDisallowedAreasAndRebuild(self):
        """Calls :py:meth:`cura.BuildVolume._updateDisallowedAreas` and makes sure the changes appear in the scene.

        This is required for a signal to trigger the update in one go. The
        :py:meth:`cura.BuildVolume._updateDisallowedAreas` method itself shouldn't call
        :py:meth:`cura.BuildVolume.rebuild`, since there may be other changes before it needs to be rebuilt,
        which would hit performance.
        """

        self._updateDisallowedAreas()
        self._updateRaftThickness()
        self._extra_z_clearance = self._calculateExtraZClearance(ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks())
        self.rebuild()

    def _updateDisallowedAreas(self) -> None:
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return

        self._error_areas = []

        used_extruders = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks()
        self._edge_disallowed_size = None  # Force a recalculation
        disallowed_border_size = self.getEdgeDisallowedSize()

        result_areas = self._computeDisallowedAreasStatic(disallowed_border_size, used_extruders)  # Normal machine disallowed areas can always be added.
        prime_areas = self._computeDisallowedAreasPrimeBlob(disallowed_border_size, used_extruders)
        result_areas_no_brim = self._computeDisallowedAreasStatic(0, used_extruders)  # Where the priming is not allowed to happen. This is not added to the result, just for collision checking.

        # Check if prime positions intersect with disallowed areas.
        for extruder in used_extruders:
            extruder_id = extruder.getId()

            result_areas[extruder_id].extend(prime_areas[extruder_id])
            result_areas_no_brim[extruder_id].extend(prime_areas[extruder_id])

            nozzle_disallowed_areas = extruder.getProperty("nozzle_disallowed_areas", "value")
            for area in nozzle_disallowed_areas:
                polygon = Polygon(numpy.array(area, numpy.float32))
                polygon_disallowed_border = polygon.getMinkowskiHull(Polygon.approximatedCircle(disallowed_border_size))
                result_areas[extruder_id].append(polygon_disallowed_border)  # Don't perform the offset on these.
                result_areas_no_brim[extruder_id].append(polygon)  # No brim

        # Add prime tower location as disallowed area.
        if len([x for x in used_extruders if x.isEnabled]) > 1:  # No prime tower if only one extruder is enabled
            prime_tower_collision = False
            prime_tower_areas = self._computeDisallowedAreasPrinted(used_extruders)
            for extruder_id in prime_tower_areas:
                for area_index, prime_tower_area in enumerate(prime_tower_areas[extruder_id]):
                    for area in result_areas_no_brim[extruder_id]:
                        if prime_tower_area.intersectsPolygon(area) is not None:
                            prime_tower_collision = True
                            break
                    if prime_tower_collision:  # Already found a collision.
                        break
                if not prime_tower_collision:
                    result_areas[extruder_id].extend(prime_tower_areas[extruder_id])
                    result_areas_no_brim[extruder_id].extend(prime_tower_areas[extruder_id])
                else:
                    self._error_areas.extend(prime_tower_areas[extruder_id])

        self._has_errors = len(self._error_areas) > 0

        self._disallowed_areas = []
        for extruder_id in result_areas:
            self._disallowed_areas.extend(result_areas[extruder_id])
        self._disallowed_areas_no_brim = []
        for extruder_id in result_areas_no_brim:
            self._disallowed_areas_no_brim.extend(result_areas_no_brim[extruder_id])

    def _computeDisallowedAreasPrinted(self, used_extruders):
        """Computes the disallowed areas for objects that are printed with print features.

        This means that the brim, travel avoidance and such will be applied to these features.

        :return: A dictionary with for each used extruder ID the disallowed areas where that extruder may not print.
        """

        result = {}
        skirt_brim_extruder: ExtruderStack = None
        skirt_brim_extruder_nr = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("skirt_brim_extruder_nr", "value")

        for extruder in used_extruders:
            if skirt_brim_extruder_nr == -1:
                skirt_brim_extruder = used_extruders[0]  # The prime tower brim is always printed with the first extruder
            elif int(extruder.getProperty("extruder_nr", "value")) == int(skirt_brim_extruder_nr):
                    skirt_brim_extruder = extruder
            result[extruder.getId()] = []

        # Currently, the only normally printed object is the prime tower.
        if self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_enable", "value"):
            prime_tower_size = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_size", "value")
            machine_width = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value")
            machine_depth = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value")
            prime_tower_x = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_position_x", "value")
            prime_tower_y = - self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_position_y", "value")
            prime_tower_brim_enable = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_brim_enable", "value")
            prime_tower_base_size = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_base_size", "value")
            prime_tower_base_height = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("prime_tower_base_height", "value")
            adhesion_type = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("adhesion_type", "value")

            if not self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_center_is_zero", "value"):
                prime_tower_x = prime_tower_x - machine_width / 2 #Offset by half machine_width and _depth to put the origin in the front-left.
                prime_tower_y = prime_tower_y + machine_depth / 2

            radius = prime_tower_size / 2
            delta_x = -radius
            delta_y = -radius

            if prime_tower_base_size > 0 and ((prime_tower_brim_enable and prime_tower_base_height > 0) or adhesion_type == "raft"):
                radius += prime_tower_base_size

            prime_tower_area = Polygon.approximatedCircle(radius, num_segments = 32)
            prime_tower_area = prime_tower_area.translate(prime_tower_x + delta_x, prime_tower_y + delta_y)

            prime_tower_area = prime_tower_area.getMinkowskiHull(Polygon.approximatedCircle(0))
            for extruder in used_extruders:
                result[extruder.getId()].append(prime_tower_area) #The prime tower location is the same for each extruder, regardless of offset.

        return result

    def _computeDisallowedAreasPrimeBlob(self, border_size: float, used_extruders: List["ExtruderStack"]) -> Dict[str, List[Polygon]]:
        """Computes the disallowed areas for the prime blobs.

        These are special because they are not subject to things like brim or travel avoidance. They do get a dilute
        with the border size though because they may not intersect with brims and such of other objects.

        :param border_size: The size with which to offset the disallowed areas due to skirt, brim, travel avoid distance
         , etc.
        :param used_extruders: The extruder stacks to generate disallowed areas for.
        :return: A dictionary with for each used extruder ID the prime areas.
        """

        result = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Polygon]]
        if not self._global_container_stack:
            return result
        machine_width = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value")
        machine_depth = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value")
        for extruder in used_extruders:
            prime_blob_enabled = extruder.getProperty("prime_blob_enable", "value")
            prime_x = extruder.getProperty("extruder_prime_pos_x", "value")
            prime_y = -extruder.getProperty("extruder_prime_pos_y", "value")

            # Ignore extruder prime position if it is not set or if blob is disabled
            if (prime_x == 0 and prime_y == 0) or not prime_blob_enabled:
                result[extruder.getId()] = []
                continue

            if not self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_center_is_zero", "value"):
                prime_x = prime_x - machine_width / 2  # Offset by half machine_width and _depth to put the origin in the front-left.
                prime_y = prime_y + machine_depth / 2

            prime_polygon = Polygon.approximatedCircle(PRIME_CLEARANCE)
            prime_polygon = prime_polygon.getMinkowskiHull(Polygon.approximatedCircle(border_size))

            prime_polygon = prime_polygon.translate(prime_x, prime_y)
            result[extruder.getId()] = [prime_polygon]

        return result

    def _computeDisallowedAreasStatic(self, border_size:float, used_extruders: List["ExtruderStack"]) -> Dict[str, List[Polygon]]:
        """Computes the disallowed areas that are statically placed in the machine.

        It computes different disallowed areas depending on the offset of the extruder. The resulting dictionary will
         therefore have an entry for each extruder that is used.

        :param border_size: The size with which to offset the disallowed areas due to skirt, brim, travel avoid distance
         , etc.
        :param used_extruders: The extruder stacks to generate disallowed areas for.
        :return: A dictionary with for each used extruder ID the disallowed areas where that extruder may not print.
        """

        # Convert disallowed areas to polygons and dilate them.
        machine_disallowed_polygons = []
        if self._global_container_stack is None:
            return {}

        for area in self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_disallowed_areas", "value"):
            if len(area) == 0:
                continue  # Numpy doesn't deal well with 0-length arrays, since it can't determine the dimensionality of them.
            polygon = Polygon(numpy.array(area, numpy.float32))
            polygon = polygon.getMinkowskiHull(Polygon.approximatedCircle(border_size))
            machine_disallowed_polygons.append(polygon)

        # For certain machines we don't need to compute disallowed areas for each nozzle.
        # So we check here and only do the nozzle offsetting if needed.
        nozzle_offsetting_for_disallowed_areas = self._global_container_stack.getMetaDataEntry(
            "nozzle_offsetting_for_disallowed_areas", True)

        result = {}  # type: Dict[str, List[Polygon]]
        for extruder in used_extruders:
            extruder_id = extruder.getId()
            offset_x = extruder.getProperty("machine_nozzle_offset_x", "value")
            if offset_x is None:
                offset_x = 0
            offset_y = extruder.getProperty("machine_nozzle_offset_y", "value")
            if offset_y is None:
                offset_y = 0
            offset_y = -offset_y  # Y direction of g-code is the inverse of Y direction of Cura's scene space.
            result[extruder_id] = []

            for polygon in machine_disallowed_polygons:
                result[extruder_id].append(polygon.translate(offset_x, offset_y))  # Compensate for the nozzle offset of this extruder.

            # Add the border around the edge of the build volume.
            left_unreachable_border = 0
            right_unreachable_border = 0
            top_unreachable_border = 0
            bottom_unreachable_border = 0

            # Only do nozzle offsetting if needed
            if nozzle_offsetting_for_disallowed_areas:
                # The build volume is defined as the union of the area that all extruders can reach, so we need to know
                # the relative offset to all extruders.
                for other_extruder in ExtruderManager.getInstance().getActiveExtruderStacks():
                    other_offset_x = other_extruder.getProperty("machine_nozzle_offset_x", "value")
                    if other_offset_x is None:
                        other_offset_x = 0
                    other_offset_y = other_extruder.getProperty("machine_nozzle_offset_y", "value")
                    if other_offset_y is None:
                        other_offset_y = 0
                    other_offset_y = -other_offset_y
                    left_unreachable_border = min(left_unreachable_border, other_offset_x - offset_x)
                    right_unreachable_border = max(right_unreachable_border, other_offset_x - offset_x)
                    top_unreachable_border = min(top_unreachable_border, other_offset_y - offset_y)
                    bottom_unreachable_border = max(bottom_unreachable_border, other_offset_y - offset_y)
            half_machine_width = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value") / 2
            half_machine_depth = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value") / 2

            # We need at a minimum a very small border around the edge so that models can't go off the build plate
            border_size = max(border_size, 0.1)

            if self._shape != "elliptic":
                if border_size - left_unreachable_border > 0:
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [-half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width + border_size - left_unreachable_border, half_machine_depth - border_size - bottom_unreachable_border],
                        [-half_machine_width + border_size - left_unreachable_border, -half_machine_depth + border_size - top_unreachable_border]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                if border_size + right_unreachable_border > 0:
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [half_machine_width - border_size - right_unreachable_border, -half_machine_depth + border_size - top_unreachable_border],
                        [half_machine_width - border_size - right_unreachable_border, half_machine_depth - border_size - bottom_unreachable_border]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                if border_size + bottom_unreachable_border > 0:
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [-half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [half_machine_width - border_size - right_unreachable_border, half_machine_depth - border_size - bottom_unreachable_border],
                        [-half_machine_width + border_size - left_unreachable_border, half_machine_depth - border_size - bottom_unreachable_border]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                if border_size - top_unreachable_border > 0:
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width + border_size - left_unreachable_border, -half_machine_depth + border_size - top_unreachable_border],
                        [half_machine_width - border_size - right_unreachable_border, -half_machine_depth + border_size - top_unreachable_border]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
            else:
                sections = 32
                arc_vertex = [0, half_machine_depth - border_size]
                for i in range(0, sections):
                    quadrant = math.floor(4 * i / sections)
                    vertices = []
                    if quadrant == 0:
                        vertices.append([-half_machine_width, half_machine_depth])
                    elif quadrant == 1:
                        vertices.append([-half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth])
                    elif quadrant == 2:
                        vertices.append([half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth])
                    elif quadrant == 3:
                        vertices.append([half_machine_width, half_machine_depth])
                    vertices.append(arc_vertex)

                    angle = 2 * math.pi * (i + 1) / sections
                    arc_vertex = [-(half_machine_width - border_size) * math.sin(angle), (half_machine_depth - border_size) * math.cos(angle)]
                    vertices.append(arc_vertex)

                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array(vertices, numpy.float32)))

                if border_size > 0:
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [-half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width + border_size, 0]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [-half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [ half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [ 0, half_machine_depth - border_size]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [ half_machine_width, half_machine_depth],
                        [ half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [ half_machine_width - border_size, 0]
                    ], numpy.float32)))
                    result[extruder_id].append(Polygon(numpy.array([
                        [ half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [-half_machine_width, -half_machine_depth],
                        [ 0, -half_machine_depth + border_size]
                    ], numpy.float32)))

        return result

    def _getSettingFromAllExtruders(self, setting_key: str) -> List[Any]:
        """Private convenience function to get a setting from every extruder.

        For single extrusion machines, this gets the setting from the global stack.

        :return: A sequence of setting values, one for each extruder.
        """

        all_values = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getAllExtruderSettings(setting_key, "value")
        all_types = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getAllExtruderSettings(setting_key, "type")
        for i, (setting_value, setting_type) in enumerate(zip(all_values, all_types)):
            if not setting_value and setting_type in ["int", "float"]:
                all_values[i] = 0
        return all_values

    def _calculateBedAdhesionSize(self, used_extruders):
        """Get the bed adhesion size for the global container stack and used extruders

        :param adhesion_override: override adhesion type.
          Use None to use the global stack default, "none" for no adhesion, "brim" for brim etc.
        """
        if self._global_container_stack is None:
            return None

        container_stack = self._global_container_stack
        adhesion_type = container_stack.getProperty("adhesion_type", "value")

        if adhesion_type == "raft":
            bed_adhesion_size = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("raft_margin", "value")  # Should refer to the raft extruder if set.
        else:  # raft, brim or skirt. Those last two are handled by CuraEngine.
            bed_adhesion_size = 0

        max_length_available = 0.5 * min(
            self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_width", "value"),
            self._global_container_stack.getProperty("machine_depth", "value")
        )
        bed_adhesion_size = min(bed_adhesion_size, max_length_available)
        return bed_adhesion_size

    def _calculateFarthestShieldDistance(self, container_stack):
        farthest_shield_distance = 0
        if container_stack.getProperty("draft_shield_enabled", "value"):
            farthest_shield_distance = max(farthest_shield_distance, container_stack.getProperty("draft_shield_dist", "value"))
        if container_stack.getProperty("ooze_shield_enabled", "value"):
            farthest_shield_distance = max(farthest_shield_distance,container_stack.getProperty("ooze_shield_dist", "value"))
        return farthest_shield_distance

    def _calculateSupportExpansion(self, container_stack):
        support_expansion = 0
        support_enabled = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("support_enable", "value")
        support_offset = self._global_container_stack.getProperty("support_offset", "value")
        if support_enabled and support_offset:
            support_expansion += support_offset
        return support_expansion

    def _calculateMoveFromWallRadius(self, used_extruders):
        move_from_wall_radius = 0  # Moves that start from outer wall.

        for stack in used_extruders:
            if stack.getProperty("travel_avoid_other_parts", "value"):
                move_from_wall_radius = max(move_from_wall_radius, stack.getProperty("travel_avoid_distance", "value"))

            infill_wipe_distance = stack.getProperty("infill_wipe_dist", "value")
            num_walls = stack.getProperty("wall_line_count", "value")
            if num_walls >= 1:  # Infill wipes start from the infill, so subtract the total wall thickness from this.
                infill_wipe_distance -= stack.getProperty("wall_line_width_0", "value")
                if num_walls >= 2:
                    infill_wipe_distance -= stack.getProperty("wall_line_width_x", "value") * (num_walls - 1)
            move_from_wall_radius = max(move_from_wall_radius, infill_wipe_distance)

        return move_from_wall_radius

    def getEdgeDisallowedSize(self):
        """Calculate the disallowed radius around the edge.

        This disallowed radius is to allow for space around the models that is not part of the collision radius,
        such as bed adhesion (skirt/brim/raft) and travel avoid distance.
        """

        if not self._global_container_stack or not self._global_container_stack.extruderList:
            return 0

        if self._edge_disallowed_size is not None:
            return self._edge_disallowed_size

        container_stack = self._global_container_stack
        used_extruders = ExtruderManager.getInstance().getUsedExtruderStacks()

        # If we are printing one at a time, we need to add the bed adhesion size to the disallowed areas of the objects
        if container_stack.getProperty("print_sequence", "value") == "one_at_a_time":
            return 0.1

        bed_adhesion_size = self._calculateBedAdhesionSize(used_extruders)
        support_expansion = self._calculateSupportExpansion(self._global_container_stack)
        farthest_shield_distance = self._calculateFarthestShieldDistance(self._global_container_stack)
        move_from_wall_radius = self._calculateMoveFromWallRadius(used_extruders)

        # Now combine our different pieces of data to get the final border size.
        # Support expansion is added to the bed adhesion, since the bed adhesion goes around support.
        # Support expansion is added to farthest shield distance, since the shields go around support.
        self._edge_disallowed_size = max(move_from_wall_radius, support_expansion + farthest_shield_distance, support_expansion + bed_adhesion_size)
        return self._edge_disallowed_size

    def _clamp(self, value, min_value, max_value):
        return max(min(value, max_value), min_value)

    _machine_settings = ["machine_width", "machine_depth", "machine_height", "machine_shape", "machine_center_is_zero"]
    _skirt_settings = ["adhesion_type", "skirt_gap", "skirt_line_count", "skirt_brim_line_width", "brim_gap", "brim_width", "brim_line_count", "raft_margin", "draft_shield_enabled", "draft_shield_dist", "initial_layer_line_width_factor"]
    _raft_settings = ["adhesion_type", "raft_base_thickness", "raft_interface_layers", "raft_interface_thickness", "raft_surface_layers", "raft_surface_thickness", "raft_airgap", "layer_0_z_overlap"]
    _extra_z_settings = ["retraction_hop_enabled", "retraction_hop"]
    _prime_settings = ["extruder_prime_pos_x", "extruder_prime_pos_y", "prime_blob_enable"]
    _tower_settings = ["prime_tower_enable", "prime_tower_size", "prime_tower_position_x", "prime_tower_position_y", "prime_tower_brim_enable", "prime_tower_base_size", "prime_tower_base_height"]
    _ooze_shield_settings = ["ooze_shield_enabled", "ooze_shield_dist"]
    _distance_settings = ["infill_wipe_dist", "travel_avoid_distance", "support_offset", "support_enable", "travel_avoid_other_parts", "travel_avoid_supports", "wall_line_count", "wall_line_width_0", "wall_line_width_x"]
    _extruder_settings = ["support_enable", "support_bottom_enable", "support_roof_enable", "support_infill_extruder_nr", "support_extruder_nr_layer_0", "support_bottom_extruder_nr", "support_roof_extruder_nr", "brim_line_count", "skirt_brim_extruder_nr", "raft_base_extruder_nr", "raft_interface_extruder_nr", "raft_surface_extruder_nr", "adhesion_type"] #Settings that can affect which extruders are used.
    _limit_to_extruder_settings = ["wall_extruder_nr", "wall_0_extruder_nr", "wall_x_extruder_nr", "top_bottom_extruder_nr", "infill_extruder_nr", "support_infill_extruder_nr", "support_extruder_nr_layer_0", "support_bottom_extruder_nr", "support_roof_extruder_nr", "skirt_brim_extruder_nr", "raft_base_extruder_nr", "raft_interface_extruder_nr", "raft_surface_extruder_nr"]
    _material_size_settings = ["material_shrinkage_percentage", "material_shrinkage_percentage_xy", "material_shrinkage_percentage_z"]
    _disallowed_area_settings = _skirt_settings + _prime_settings + _tower_settings + _ooze_shield_settings + _distance_settings + _extruder_settings + _material_size_settings